Personal trust extends cooperation beyond trustees: A Mexican study

We studied 2 groups of workers from Oaxaca (Mexico) with different levels of income and education to investigate the role that the affective‐based psychological mechanism of personal trust, as evolutionarily acquired, plays on group cooperation. We measured trust levels through some questionnaires and cooperative behaviour through an iterated prisoner's dilemma under different conditions and analysed trust networks of group members. While these groups did not differ in trust levels or cooperation among trustees, they did differ in terms of cooperation with other group members. Such differences are related to dissimilarities in the trust network topology—as a measure of group cohesion. These results suggest that some personal trust networks extend cooperation within a group beyond trustees in a way that complements the role of the reputation for indirect reciprocity.     

威权领导对员工沉默行为的影响:一个有调节的中介效应模型

采用249对领导与员工的配对数据,考察了威权领导对员工沉默行为的影响,以及情感信任的中介作用和权力距离的调节效应。结果表明：（1）威权领导对员工沉默行为有正向影响;（2）员工对上司的情感信任在威权领导与沉默行为之间起完全中介作用;（3）员工权力距离导向对威权领导与情感信任之间关系具有调节作用,权力距离导向越高,威权领导对情感信任的影响越低;（4）进一步地,权力距离导向还调节着情感信任对威权领导与沉默行为的中介效应,即存在有调节的中介效应。     

组织中信息寻求的动机及其影响因素

组织中反馈的缺乏和新员工面临的不确定性使得主动的信息寻求成为员工获取相关信息的重要机制。人们的信息寻求行为可能受到获取有用信息的工具性动机、自我保护动机和印象管理动机的驱动, 这三种动机分别受到一系列个体特征和情景因素的影响。探索多种动机的平衡、虚拟情境下信息寻求的动机、管理者反馈寻求的动机, 以及信息寻求动机与信息有效性之间的关系等应是未来的研究方向。     

现代中国人际信任的传统资源——《论语》《老子》中的“信任”思想略论

中国文化传统中有丰富的人际信任资源,如果能够对之进行创造性的转化,可以成为当今社会经济与文化建设的可贵精神财富。部分现代西方社会学家将中国列入低信任度的国家的学术观点是值得商榷的,不同的文化传统有不同的信任模式,传统中国的熟人社会里有高度的人际信任。中国当代社会的人际信任危机,是由于社会转型造成的,不能依此而断定中国是一个低信任度的国家。     

领导者信任理论述评

该文整合了过去三十年来,西方关于领导者信任的理论研究之后发现,领导者所表现出的可信行为,在员工归因的作用下,可以对组织绩效、员工工作态度、目的等产生极其重要的影响。作者在对以往研究作出总结的基础上,对西方研究存在的问题以及未来研究的发展方向提出了建议。     

The Effect of Interpersonal Trust And Participativeness on Union Member Commitment

Unionized employees have their commitment courted by both their employer and union. They can form a commitment to both, or only one, or neither. It is difficult to predict which commitment might form. It is hypothesized that interpersonal trust and participation attitudes will explain the levels of union commitment formed by union officials. Multiple regression equations and a structural equation model were used to test these hypotheses. Interpersonal trust had a positive yet non-significant effect on union commitment. Participation attitudes had a significant, negative effect on union commitment, opposite that of the hypothesized relationship. The hypotheses are only partially supported.     

诚信与公民社会散论

“诚”在中国传统思想文化中具有本体特性之义和德性之义 ,“信”具有主体对客体的态度 ,主体—客体相互作用的过程或行为 ,客体对主体的状态三种情形 ,“诚”与“信”之间略有差异。诚信不完全等同于信用 ,诚信的特点是主观性、渐成性和根本性 ,信用之所以具有伦理品格是由它的时间差、不确定性和不充分性等特性来决定的。公民社会异于威权社会 ,它是以诚信为基础的社会 ,在平等交往、契约自由、权利与义务统一的公民社会 ,诚信具有广泛存在的社会基础和学理根据。维护公民社会的诚信要注重社会机制的建设。     

Sources of Civic Orientation Among American Youth: Trust, Religiious Valuation, and Attributions of Responsibility

This study identified affective and cognitive factors predicting American 6th, 8th, and 10th graders' civic orientation, defined here as feelings of effective community service, conceptualizations of citizenship, and participation in student government. Independent variables included measures of interpersonal trust, valuation of religion, and individualistic versus collective action attributions of responsibility for solving social problems. Interpersonal trust predicted four out of the five outcome variables. Individualistic attribution of social responsibility was a predictor of running for student government office, and collective action attribution was a predictor of conceptualizations of citizenship. Religious valuation also predicted conceptualizations of citizenship as well as feelings of effective community service. For the most part, grade level did not play a significant role in predicting youth's civic orientation. Results are discussed in terms of the literature on social capital and developmental theory.     

CPM领导行为模式对员工利他行为及工作投入的作用机制

通过对我国26个省市企事业单位员工的问卷调查,探讨了CPM领导行为模式对员工利他行为和工作投入的影响途径。采用潜变量路径分析的方法,对两个阶段的模型进行检验和比较,结果表明：（1）C因素和M因素通过信任上司的完全中介作用影响利他行为和工作投入,而P因素则通过信任上司的部分中介作用对它们产生影响。（2）信任上司通过情感承诺的完全中介作用影响工作投入,通过情感承诺的部分中介作用影响员工的利他行为。