CULTIVATING LOVING KINDNESS: A TWO‐STAGE MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF MEDITATION ON EMPATHY,COMPASSION, AND ALTRUISM

Abstract. We explore the role of meditative practice in cultivating experiences of compassion, empathy, and altruism and address an apparent paradox: Meditation often is associated with solitary retreat, if not preoccupation with one's own concerns. How, then, does such a practice promote compassion for others? We propose a two‐stage model. The first stage involves disengagement from usual preoccupation with self‐reinforcing, self‐defeating, or self‐indulgent behaviors and reactions; the second involves a focused engagement with a universal human capacity for altruistic experience, love, and compassion. Reference is made to the limited research literature and to clinical applications of loving kindness (metta) meditation in cultivating these processes.     

心理学史教学与人才培养模式的改革

心理学史教学应成为大学心理学专业本科生的必修课,对于开启学生的心智和提高心理学理论素养具有其他课程所不可替代的重要作用。心理学史教学要探询古代心理学思想家的心灵智慧,把他们的思想活化,与我们进行心灵的对话。要通过与学生的思想交流,使师生之间就某些学术问题展开讨论,做到相互启迪,教学相长。心理学史教学的改革要加强学生哲学功底的培养,加强中西方思想的融合贯通,加强历史与现实的联系,有目的地培养心理学专业的理论人才。     

论俄罗斯主体心理学的心理发展观

主体心理学是俄罗斯心理学发展的新方向。在个体心理发展方面,俄罗斯主体心理学认为,主体积极性是影响心理发展的第三因素;主体与客体的相互作用是心理发展的机制,其中主体起主要作用;根据主体性发展的水平可以把心理的发展划分为9个阶段。文章认为俊罗斯主体心理学的心理发展观具有一定的积极意义。     

Positive psychological approaches to therapy

The term positive psychology has become widely used in recent years to refer to the new movement among psychologists who have turned their attention to positive human functioning. In this article we will review what the emerging field of positive psychology tells us about therapeutic practice. The positive psychology movement has led to a questioning of the fundamental assumptions underlying the practice of psychological therapy, and it is our view that the emerging positive psychology research is supportive of those therapeutic approaches which serve to facilitate the client's ability to hear their own inner voice.     

组织心理所有权与工作态度和工作行为的关系

介绍了心理所有权的理论基础,整合了组织心理所有权的基本内涵及其构念,阐述了组织心理所有权与工作态度及工作行为之间的关系：①对组织的心理所有权与员工态度以及工作行为之间具有积极的关系;②心理所有权有助于解释员工的工作责任及其行为;③心理所有权对员工绩效的预测价值还有待进一步验证。并指出当前研究中存在的问题以及未来发展趋势     

汽车驾驶行为的眼动研究

对汽车驾驶行为的眼动研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文重点介绍了不同路况下的驾驶行为及影响其行为的心理和生理因素的眼动研究．分析了用眼动分析方法研究交通心理学的特点．并对了该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Multiple Realizability Intuitions and the Functionalist Conception of the Mind

A popular argument supporting functionalism has been what is commonly called the “multiple realizability” argument. One version of this argument uses thought experiments designed to show that minds could be composed of different types of material. This article offers a metaphilosophical analysis of this argument and shows that it fails to provide a strong case for functionalism. The multiple realizability argument is best understood as an inference‐to‐the‐best‐explanation argument, whereby a functionalist account of our mental concepts serves to explain our multiple realizability intuitions. I show that the argument is inadequate because alternative accounts of our mental concepts exist that provide equally plausible explanations for these intuitions. Moreover, in the case of our qualia concepts, a nonfunctionalist account explains several other intuitions that functionalism cannot explain. Thus, despite its popularity, the intuition‐based version of the multiple realizability argument is a poor reason for accepting functionalism.     

当前人格心理学研究中存在的问题与对策

人格心理学立足于整体性与差异性以揭示个体行为规律与内部作用机制,是心理学中极富特色的研究领域,并彰显出旺盛的发展势头。但由于人格现象本身的宽泛性与复杂性,当前该领域存在诸多纷争与问题。该文从四个方面剖析了人格心理学面临的主要问题,并提出相应的发展建议与对策。