美国成人学习不良研究及其启示

随着儿童、青少年学习不良研究的逐步深入,近年来,成人学习不良成为美国等西方国家教育心理学研究新的热点。在回顾了成人学习不良概念的提出与确立后,介绍了美国学术界对成人学习不良的筛查和界定标准,并对该领域主要成果从学业发展、阅读困难、元认知和干预研究四个方面进行了概括和分析,指出成人学习不良界定标准的不统一、长期追踪研究的缺乏以及针对成人学习不良心理咨询体系的滞后等已成为当前该领域急待解决的问题。我国应在吸取国外研究成果和经验的基础上,尽快制定出符合自身国情的筛查和诊断标准,掌握学习不良在我国成人群体当中的发生率和分布状况,同时加强相关基础研究和追踪研究,争取在较短时间内建立起我国成人学习不良研究的体系。     

非言语学习不良的研究现状和展望

非言语学习不良日益成为学习不良研究的新热点,非言语学习不良的概念界定、筛查和诊断标准以及非言语学习不良的神经心理、认知、社会性和教育干预等领域取得了大量的研究成果。但是,非言语学习不良研究中还存在许多需要解决的问题,如：界定标准不统一;对非言语学习不良的系统研究有待完善;缺乏有效的干预模式及实证研究等。这些问题都需要进一步的研究、探讨     

内隐学习中表征与意识的关系

近年来研究者分别从表征的质量和表征的外显等级两个方面探讨了内隐学习中表征与意识的关系。有关表征质量与意识的研究,清晰地揭示了影响表征进入意识的因素;而有关表征外显等级与意识的研究,则明确地阐明了什么样的表征才是有意识的。但表征与意识的关系是一个十分复杂的问题,目前仍存在着很大的争议,还有待于进一步的探讨     

善恶人格的特质差序

善恶问题是人们在社会生活中的重要话题, 在对他人进行知觉时, 人们首先关心的信息是什么, 是否会对不同类型善恶特质有所权衡?研究基于人格心理学视角, 通过4个研究对该问题进行了探讨。研究首先探究了人格的道德概念激活时善恶的差异, 并以代表性、好恶度、特质度和重要性为衡量指标分别考察了不同类型善恶特质的核心程度差异。结果发现, 善恶人格的特质差序体现在两个方面：(1)善恶人格间的差序, 在人格的道德范畴中, 存在善人格的优先效应; (2)善恶人格内的差序, “善”的核心由内到外为尽责诚信、仁爱友善与包容大度、利他奉献; “恶”的核心由内到外为凶恶残忍、背信弃义与污蔑陷害、虚假伪善。研究有助于进一步理解中国人的善恶观, 为善恶领域的探究提供了新思路。     

Soutien social perçu du supérieur,plafonnement de carrière et engagement affectif dans le secteur public camerounais

This research analyzes relation between the various types of career plateauing (objective, structural, content) and work emotional commitment. It also examines the influence of perceived social support from hierarchy on the different types of career plateauing, most especially its moderating role on the relation between the different types of career plateauing and emotional commitment. The results, which were obtained through data collected from 615 workers highlight that perceived social support from hierarchy limits and almost moderates negative relations between the different types of content plateauing (objective, content) and emotional commitment. Its direct effect on content plateauing is negative whereas the relation is positive with structural plateauing.     

Atmospheres of the other: Building and feeling Stockholm's orthodox synagogue

In this article, I use the concept of atmosphere to analyse disparate sources related to the process of sacralisation of the orthodox synagogue Adass Jisroel in modern Stockholm. Using the synagogue as an entry point, I explore the affective landscapes related to its unofficially sacred places in firstly a Pietist orphanage and secondly a cinema, and how they shaped inner-communal relations. The material components of Adass Jisroel's sites elicited different emotions from different visiting bodies: its orthodox members aimed to create a space of religious continuity and communal integrity, reformed guests othered the members, while poorer orthodox Jews felt alienated. By analysing these multiple affective experiences linked to material changes of set architectural designs, I outline, for the first time, the orthodox minority's unstable position between fragility and stability in Sweden's capital from 1870 until the 1940s. On a greater scale, through this case study, I propose that the concept of atmosphere provides the field of emotional geography with conceptual muscle to both excavate silenced minority voices, and explore the role of the built environment in eliciting emotions that shape, cement, contest and transform the inner-communal hierarchal landscape that unofficially sacred places are irrevocably situated in.     

A Client-Centered Model of Instructional Design for Psychoeducation Interventions in Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists often use psychoeducational interventions in mental health settings. Recent systematic reviews have validated the efficacy of this approach, but the occupational therapy literature on the instructional design process is scarce. In this article the author reviews factors relevant to the instructional design of psychoeducation and then proposes a client-centered instructional design model that considers the client's capacity for engagement, the instructional context/environment, and the learning content demands in the selection of appropriate instructional approaches. The design process is illustrated in four vignettes using behavioral, acquisitional, cognitive, and constructivist approaches.     

The overall pattern of the evolution of information in dissipative,material systems

I have argued for the reality of a second law of infodynamics. That is, that the information carrying capacity in a system, as viewed from within, must continue to increase as long as the system supports internal observation. I will be concerned here with matters of scale, as well as with system senescence (rigidity produced by the asymptotic approach to maximum information storage within a system). My major categories derive from a view of system development, and are: immaturity, maturity and senescence. As an immature system grows in size, It deploys information over ever smaller scales as it transforms from the vagueness of immaturity toward ever more definite embodiment. This eventually results in an information overload, gradually eroding system adaptability as it increasingly inhibits the variety of system responses by limiting its ability to further qualify stored information;