Daimonic elements in early trauma

This paper explores some of the 'daimonic' elements of unconscious mentation that emerge both in dreams and in the transference/countertransference field with early-trauma patients and illustrates these with an extended clinical example. An archaic and typical (archetypal) 'trauma complex' is articulated (with diagram) as a bi-polar structure consisting of divine child protected and/or persecuted by an inner 'guardian angel'. Sources of this structure and its mythological inner objects are traced to trauma at the stage of what Winnicott calls 'unintegration' and to flooding by disintegration anxiety at a time before nascent ego-structure has formed. In an extended case example, the author shows how the patient's traumatized innocence and desire for a new start, thwarted by self-attacking defences, pulls him into playing the inflated role of her guardian angel, leading to re-traumatization in the transference. Working through is seen as the necessary disillusionment and humanization of these daimonic structures as they are projected, suffered, and transmuted by the analytic partners in the stormy process of psychotherapy.     

需要的系统观与自我社会价值实现说

自我实现是马斯洛需要理论的一个关键概念。此文探究了弗洛伊德的精神分析说、阿德勒的社会情感说及马斯洛的自我实现的需要说,建议用系统理论研究需要问题,并进一步提出需要的自我社会价值实现说。     

上海公众心理健康观的初步调查研究

本研究初步调查了上海公众的心理健康观,发现①上海公众对心理健康的认识总体上与生物心理社会医学模式一致,多数人认识到心理健康的重要性;②公众对心理健康内容及心理异常表现的认识与心理学家的标准近似;③“早期教育和家庭环境”、“生活事件与环境变迁”及“心理冲突”等三项是影响上海公众心理健康的主要因素;④公众对目前心理医生的认可率不高;⑤约三分之二的公众认为自己的心理健康状况良好;⑥提出广泛开展心理健康教育和咨询工作的迫切性。     

个体如何以消费行为应对自我威胁?基于导向-路径整合模型的分析

自我威胁无处不在, 以消费应对自我威胁是个体采取的重要方式。但由于自我概念的多维性、应对威胁过程中认知、情感、情绪等多因素的介入, 以及威胁源和应对行为的交叉性等原因, 当前的研究呈现出结论分散、不连贯, 甚至矛盾的情形。基于导向-路径的整合模型回顾了消费行为领域自我威胁研究的动态, 归纳出个体的多种自我威胁应对策略, 揭示了不同应对策略间的多层次交叉补偿机理, 以及自我威胁与消费行为间的多重关联方式, 并揭示出个体通过产品的全价值系统和自身的全感知系统进行自我威胁应对。基于导向-路径整合模型有助于对消费行为领域自我威胁应对研究形成整体连贯的认知, 揭示其内在规律, 并有助于理解当前环境(新冠肺炎疫情)下的个体消费行为。     

The relationship of the inner and the outer in psychoanalysis

What is internal and what is external according to psychoanalytic theory? This is a surprisingly complicated question. The terminology is often ambiguous and inconsistent as, for instance, in the use of terms like ‘object’ and ‘other’. The relationship between internal and external in psychoanalysis is analysed from a philosophical, concept analytical, developmental psychological, methodological and trauma versus internal dynamics point of view. It is argued that psychoanalytical writing is influenced by the authors’ need to create their personal psychoanalytic theory and language. This is seen as one of the main reasons for the terminological variety and ambiguity in psychoanalytic writing. It is also argued that one particular reason for difficulties concerning the internal–external terminology is the existential anxiety awakened by the threat of the essential aloneness of man. The consciousness of this has a tendency to fade and lead to unclear terminology. The importance of the transitional world as a resting place from the hard reality of this essential aloneness is emphasized. The transitional world is also seen as a necessary part of psychoanalytical practice, as an aid in striving for the truth and reality, important goals of psychoanalysis.     

物体识别中的视点问题

视点问题是物体识别研究中的热点问题。文章回顾了两个主要的物体识别理论：结构描述模型和基于图像的模型,前者认为物体识别是视点独立的（viewpoint-invariant）,后者认为物体识别是视点依赖的（viewpoint-dependent）。在介绍了物体识别领域的一些最新研究进展和分析了当前研究存在的问题之后,文章进一步探讨解决视点争论的可能的途径:完善现存的物体心理表征模型     

Kant’s Virtue as Strength

The revival of virtue ethics has been accompanied by an increasing interest in Kant’s theory of virtue. Many scholars claim that virtue plays an important role in Kant’s moral theory. However, some worries and disagreements have arisen within the camp of contemporary virtue ethics concerning the Kantian concept of virtue. Some scholars have pointed out that Kantian virtue is at best nothing more than Aristotelian continence, that is, strength of will in the face of contrary emotions and appetites, and hence not a real virtue. In response to these criticisms and worries concerning Kant’s concept of virtue, this paper examines the question of whether Kant’s account of virtue is only a reformulation of Aristotle’s idea of continence. My analysis focuses on Kant’s concept of inner freedom, his ideas about latitude in the imperfect duties of virtue, and his notion of the perfection of virtue. I thus attempt to provide some evidence of the significant differences between Aristotelian continence and Kant’s virtue as strength. Then I explore the significance of Kant’s virtue as strength. Finally, I argue that Kant’s virtue as strength not only is not Aristotle’s idea of continence but also is located at a much higher level, that is, the state of inner freedom and the mental attitude of a human being’s soul.     

商业银行信贷风险管理中的内部利益冲突与伦理治理

商业银行信贷风险管理中最大的难题是内部利益冲突导致的风险管理失灵甚至无效。信贷从业人员个人权力与组织利益的冲突、眼前利益与长远利益的冲突、等等银行内部利益的冲突时刻都在冲击着风险管理的闸门。这些利益冲突因为风险本身的特征而具有隐蔽性。要真正落实风险管理,就必须运用伦理治理手段平衡有关利益。     

《易经》与儒家思想之渊源

诸子之学皆渊源于《易》。就儒家而言,其思想的基本特征是治国安民的社会实践。以此为参照,考诸《易经》,不难发现,儒家思想的许多内容,如和合精神、仁政思想、民本思想、内圣与外王相统一的思想等,皆可在《易经》中见其端绪。     

傣医学因果联系观初探

傣医学的哲学基础多源于佛教哲学,其因果联系观就是基于佛教的缘起论观点建立起来的。傣医将此观点广泛用于对人体生命的认识,用以解释生命的产生,解释生理、病理,用于病因学及指导诊断、用药,还用于指导养生,是傣医学重要组成部分。