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91.
92.
采用多特征目标判断任务,考察了不同信息获取方式与信息呈现方式条件下,直觉和分析思维模式对判断质量的影响。结果发现:(1)在多特征目标判断任务中,直觉思维比分析思维更有效;(2)直觉型决策者运用直觉思维的判断质量比感觉型决策者更高;(3)归类组块的信息呈现方式能够有效提升决策者运用直觉思维的判断质量;(4)思维模式、信息获取方式与信息呈现方式对多特征目标的判断质量存在三阶交互作用,归类组块的信息呈现方式使直觉型决策者运用直觉思维的判断质量最高,而运用分析思维的判断质量低于感觉型决策者;归类组块排列信息时,直觉型决策者运用分析思维的判断质量低于信息随机排列时的水平。 相似文献
93.
ABSTRACT Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after being retracted (the continued influence effect of misinformation, CIE). The current research aimed to investigate whether the individual differences in the central executive function of WM and updating could influence the CIE of misinformation with varying relevance. The results showed that the individual differences in central executive function could significantly affect the CIE, especially for the high-relevant misinformation. While the individual differences in the updating ability had a weaker impact on the CIE in general and only negatively related to the CIE for the low-relevant misinformation. The study extends the understanding of the relationship between individual differences and the CIE from previous studies, which is in line with the mental-model-updating hypothesis, and offers a preliminary clue for identifying the persons vulnerable to the CIE of misinformation in the real world. 相似文献
94.
Concise formulas for the asymptotic standard errors of component loading estimates were derived. The formulas cover the cases of principal component analysis for unstandardized and standardized variables with orthogonal and oblique rotations. The formulas can be used under any distributions for observed variables as long as the asymptotic covariance matrix for sample covariances/correlations is available. The estimated standard errors in numerical examples were shown to be equivalent to those by the methods using information matrices.The author is indebted to anonymous reviewers for the corrections and suggestions on this study, which have led to improvements of earlier versions of this article. 相似文献
95.
关于胚胎干细胞研究的一场伦理之争 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
关于“人兔细胞融合”的伦理之争,主要围绕“人兔细胞融合”实验是否违背伦理,要不要经过知情同意,以及科学技术与伦理道德的关系等问题而进行。这场讨论是正常的,健康的,有益的,倘能加以认真总结,将有助于推进学术争鸣。 相似文献
96.
Teresa Mangum 《Journal of Aging and Identity》2002,7(2):69-82
Rejuvenescence has long been a topic of legend and medicine. As the body became the property of medical science, speculative fiction asked how fantastic experiments with bodies would affect the life course. In science fiction, medical breakthroughs promise or threaten to forestall or even reverse the decline from midlife through old age to senility and decrepitude. Responding to debates over evolution, eugenics, and scientific experimentation with human and animal subjects, rejuvenescence novels such as Bruce Sterling's Holy Fire (1996) ask readers whether they desire long life or heightened quality of life; the consolations of age or the hungers of youth; short-lived intensity or perpetual ennui. 相似文献
97.
Nersesyan AK 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):291-293
The author describes problems facing Armenia in reorganization of the structure of science in the post-socialist era with
the aim of utilizing limited state resources more efficiently by reducing the number of separate scientific institutes, concentrating
on essential core subjects required by the nation and encouraging all other projects to compete in the international arena
for grant sponsorship.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
98.
Ziman J 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):397-399
For scientific knowledge to be trustworthy, it needs to be dissociated from material interests. Disinterested research also
performs other important non-instrumental roles. In particular, academic science has traditionally provided society with reliable,
imaginative public knowledge and independent, self-critical expertise. But this type of science is not compatible with the
practice of instrumental research, which is typically proprietary, prosaic, pragmatic and partisan. With ever-increasing dependence
on commercial or state funding, all modes of knowledge production are merging into a new, ‘post-academic’ research culture
which is dominated by utilitarian goals. Growing concern about conflicts of interest is thus a symptom of deep-seated malaise
in science and medicine.
An expanded version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
99.
Launis V 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(3):299-310
In the bioethical literature, discrimination in insurance on the basis of genetic risk factors detected by genetic testing
has been defended and opposed on various ethical grounds. One important argument in favour of the practice is offered by those
who believe that it is not possible to distinguish between genetic and non-genetic information, at least not for practical
policy purposes such as insurance decision-making. According to the argument from indistinguishability, the use of genetic
test information for insurance purposes should be permitted, because genetic test information is no different from non-genetic
medical information in any relevant respect, therefore it would be inconsistent to prohibit the former whilst permitting the
latter. This paper discusses and defends this argument and suggests a new, more tenable foundation. 相似文献
100.
Luke DA 《American journal of community psychology》2005,35(3-4):185-200
Community science has a rich tradition of using theories and research designs that are consistent with its core value of contextualism. However, a survey of empirical articles published in the American Journal of Community Psychology shows that community scientists utilize a narrow range of statistical tools that are not well suited to assess contextual data. Multilevel modeling, geographic information systems (GIS), social network analysis, and cluster analysis are recommended as useful tools to address contextual questions in community science. An argument for increased methodological consilience is presented, where community scientists are encouraged to adopt statistical methodology that is capable of modeling a greater proportion of the data than is typical with traditional methods. 相似文献