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971.
Christie L. McGee Olivia A. Bjorkquist Joseph M. Price Sarah N. Mattson Edward P. Riley 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):817-830
Based on caregiver report, children with prenatal alcohol exposure have difficulty with social functioning, but little is
known about their social cognition. The current study assessed the social information processing patterns of school-age children
with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure using a paradigm based on Crick and Dodge’s reformulated six-stage model. Fifty-two children
(aged 7–11) with and without heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were tested using a structured interview measure of social information
processing involving 18 videotaped vignettes of children in group entry and provocation situations. Alcohol-exposed children
displayed maladaptive processing patterns on the goal, response generation, and response evaluation steps in group entry situations,
and encoding, attribution, response evaluation, and enactment steps during provocation situations. Children with heavy prenatal
alcohol exposure also had difficulty on the Test of Problem Solving, and performance correlated with social information processing
measures. Such difficulties may lead to problems in social functioning and warrant early intervention. 相似文献
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974.
Gang Liu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(1):95-114
The research programme of the philosophy of information (PI) proposed in 2002 made it an independent area or discipline in
philosophical research. The scientific concept of ‘information’ is formally accepted in philosophical inquiry. Hence a new
and tool-driven philosophical discipline of PI with its interdisciplinary nature has been established. Philosophy of information
is an ‘orientative’ rather than ‘cognitive’ philosophy. When PI is under consideration in the history of Western philosophy,
it can be regarded as a shift of large tradition. There are three large traditions at large, known as Platonic, Kantian and
Leibniz-Russellian. In the discussion of the position of the possible worlds, we have modal Platonism and modal realism, but
both of the theories are made in the framework of Western philosophy. In this essay, it is argued that possible worlds could
be seen as worlds in information, which is then an interpretation of modal information theory (MIT). Our interpretation is
made on the basis of Leibniz’s lifelong connection with China, a fact often overlooked by the Western philosophers. Possible
world theory was influenced by the Neo-Confucianism flourishing since the Song Dynasty of China, the foundation of which is
Yijing. It could be argued that Leibniz’s possible world theory was formulated in respect to the impact of the thoughts reflected
in Yijing, in that one of the prominent features is the model-theoretic construction of theories. There are two approaches to theory
construction, i.e., axiom-theoretic and model-theoretic. The origin of the former is from ancient Greece and the latter from
ancient China. And they determined the different features of theoretic structures between the oriental and occidental traditions
of science and technology. The tendency of the future development of science and technology is changing from the axiom-theoretic
to the model-theoretic orientation, at least the two approaches being complementary each other. To some extent, this means
the retrospective of tradition in the turning point of history, and some of the China’s cultural traditions might become the
starting points in formulating the future Chinese philosophy of science and technology. 相似文献
975.
不同类型问题的关键信息表征及其认知加工研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究关键信息表征在不同类型问题解决中的作用;方法:本研究使用五种不同类型问题作为实验材料对75名文理科大学生进行问题解决研究,并采用回归统计分析了关键信息、过程策略、信息处理方式三个解题要素对正确解答的效应;结果:(1)关键信息对正确解答作用显著,关键信息表征对正确解题有较好的预测作用;(2)关键信息在不同类型问题解决中的作用有所不同;(3)过程策略对正确解答效应显著。 相似文献
976.
人类信息在世代之间传递有两种途径:一种是依靠遗传,一种是通过非遗传的途径。遗传信息主要靠遗传基因来携带和传递,对个体的生存和延续是最重要的。而非遗传信息主要靠感觉和学习来获得,这种籍传媒的信息获取可能在人类中才具有。为何在生物进化上,要采用这种先天遗传,后天习得,这种两条腿走路的方式来在传布信息呢?目前尚没有一个合理的解释。在本文中我们分别就这两个方面发展进行论述。 相似文献
977.
The effect of emotional and situational factors on the decision to seek out post‐decision information about un‐chosen alternative was examined in five experiments. Experiment 1 tested participants' willingness to find out the outcome of an un‐chosen investment that was likely to have a higher value than the chosen investment. It was found that participants were more willing to acquire information when they were responsible for the decision. Experiment 2 showed that responsibility affects information seeking, in particular when one suspects that a wrong decision was made. Experiments 3–5 examined the role of regret on information seeking. It was shown that regret about making the wrong investment (Experiment 3), forgetting to send in a lottery ticket (Experiment 4), and missing an opportunity to use a discount card after spending a month in Australia (Experiment 5), mediates the information‐seeking behavior. Experiment 5 also demonstrated that the experience of regret (and not its anticipation) influences post‐decision information seeking even when the information is of no future use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
978.
979.
患者门诊话语中确认性问句的信息索取功能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
确认性问句是门诊患者使用最多的向医生索取核心医学信息的间接方法。经考察这种兼有信息索取功能的确认性问句的功能、语言形式、内容、医生的答句各方面的特征,得出结论:这种确认性问句是病人综合考虑其目的和利益及其在医患角色关系中所处的地位、医生心理、语用原则、当前医惠关系现状各因素后所选择的语言策略,医生应该认真对待。 相似文献
980.
马晓彤 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(1):69-70
中医是否科学的争论由来已久,科学观不同,答案各异.肯定者认为它是东方传统科学,否定者则视之为传统文化、实用技术或巫术.正确认识这一问题具有科学、文化与产业三方面的意义.应以求实的态度、历史的观点和系统的方法探讨之,其结果不仅有利于中医的发展,也有助于对科学本质的理解. 相似文献