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291.
三项实验探讨了阅读中课文语境对单词识别的影响。实验一和二分别在两种课文呈现速度条件下,观察课文语境对词汇决策任务的影响,发现仅在较快的呈现速度(每隔150ms呈现一字)和目标词在前文语境中的可预测性为90%以上时,才产生课文语境的促进效应和抑制效应,并表现出抑制优势模式。实验三采用较自然的校对作业考察这种效应,结果显示在目标词高可预测(在前后文中的可预测性为83%以上)时,存在较显著的整体语境效应,并仍表现出抑制优势模式。据此,本文讨论了课文语境中的单词识别过程和语境对它的作用机制。 相似文献
292.
Business ethics and computer ethics: The view from Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prof. Jacek Sojka 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(2):191-200
An Aristotelian approach to understanding and teaching business ethics is presented and defended. The newly emerging field
of computer ethics is also defined in an Aristotelian fashion, and an argument is made that this new field should be called
“information ethics”. It is argued that values have their roots in the life and practices of a community; therefore, morality
cannot be taught by training for a special way of reasoning. Transmission of values and norms occurs through socialization
— the process by which an individual absorbs not only values but also the whole way of life of his or her community. It follows
that business ethics and information ethics can be considered kinds of socialization into a profession: role learning and
acquiring a new self-identification. This way of understanding fields of applied ethics is especially important for their
proper development in Central-Eastern Europe because of endemic factors which are the result of recent political developments
there. 相似文献
293.
双作业的信息编码方式对作业绩效的影响 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
采用单作业和双作业操作,探讨了不同信息编码方式对双作业操作绩效的影响。实验结果证明:若采用相同的信息编码方式,同时操作的两种作业就会产生相互干扰,降低双作业操作绩效;相反,若同时操作的两种作业采用不同信息编码方式将有效地减小双作业操作的相互干扰,使双作业操作的绩效得到提高。 相似文献
294.
295.
Gina M. Formea G. Leonard Burns 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1996,18(2):105-118
The study investigated whether the Stroop interference effect could be found in nonpatients with a self-report consistent with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. The nonpatient bulimic group showed significantly more interference to disorder-specific words (food, weight, and body shape) than to control words. The two nonpatient comparison groups, a depressed-nonbulimic group and a nonbulimic-nondepressed group, showed no interference. These results indicate that nonpatients with bulimia nervosa can be used to test various models of the cognitive and emotional processes involved in bulimia nervosa with the modified Stroop task. Methodological issues in the use of the computerized Stroop task with clinical populations are also noted. 相似文献
296.
297.
信息加工的阶段及其年龄差异源 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选择7—19岁的被试140名,对四种不同任务进行操作。结果表明,相同图形的空间调整过程速度除7岁年龄段以外,其余年龄段变化较小;不同图形调整过程速度、不同字母转换过程速度和不同字母的转换差异速度到了11岁以后,基本保持不变,而且,图形调整速度和字母转换速度基本相同;指数函数能较好地描述选择和反应过程速度随年龄增长而变化的特性,不能较好地描述字母转换过程速度随年龄增长而变化的特性,直线方程则不能很好地描述不同任务加工速度随年龄增长而变化的特性;最后,本研究对信息加工阶段及其年龄差异源进行了讨论。 相似文献
298.
Ellen Timminga 《Psychometrika》1995,60(1):137-154
This paper proposes a multi-objective programming method for determining samples of examinees needed for estimating the parameters of a group of items. In the numerical experiments, optimum samples are compared to uniformly and normally distributed samples. The results show that the samples usually recommended in the literature are well suited for estimating the difficulty parameters. Furthermore, they are also adequate for estimating the discrimination parameters in the three-parameter model, butnot for the guessing parameters. 相似文献
299.
KARL JACOBSEN SVEIN MAGNUSSEN JON MARTIN SUNDET 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1995,36(3):323-326
Observations of eye movements of young children in a modified preferential looking task suggest a change in the visual looking pattern taking place during a very brief time between 32 and 33 months of age. In the younger children, a grating stimulus elicited eye movements towards the target followed by a few seconds of focused attention; in the older children a visual avoidance behavior was observed where subjects looked consistently in the opposite direction of the target. An analysis of video recordings suggests that this avoidance pattern was a composite of a very brief initial target-directed eyemovement which was quickly arrested, and followed by eye movements in the opposite direction, initiating a search of the visual scene. 相似文献
300.
Dorothy D. Tucker David G. Schlundt 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1995,17(1):1-17
An adaptation of the Stroop color-naming task was used to investigate selective information processing related to eating behavior in 90 undergraduate women. This study differed from previous studies by (a) treating eating behavior as a continuous variable and (b) looking at five separate categories of words including color, neutral, food, body shape, and other emotionally salient words. We did not find a strong pattern of relation between the Stroop task and eating and body image measures. Results suggest that in a nonclinical population, direct methods of accessing cognitions related to eating may be more fruitful than indirect measures. 相似文献