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451.
In this article, we discuss where biomechanical analysis can contribute to our understanding of motor development, and more particularly in what ways biomechanics can contribute to (1) explaining the universal sequence in motor milestones; (2) explaining variations in developmental sequence between individuals; (3) understanding the impact of context on the actions of an individual; and (4) understanding, preventing, and managing chronic disabilities. In our view, biomechanics is concerned with the dynamics of the musculo‐skeletal system (MSS) and thus provides insights in the way motion is affected by the activation of muscles and the mechanical interaction between the MSS and the environment. Biomechanical analysis is important in understanding the development of actions that depend on the perceptual‐motor loop although it cannot provide a full account of the changes in the behaviour. The contributions and limitations of specific biomechanical analyses such as the inverse and forward dynamical models are discussed in the light of the article of Jensen (2005). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
452.
EXPANDING INFANT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT SERVICES TO AT‐RISK PRESCHOOLERS AND THEIR FAMILIES THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF RELATIONAL PLAY THERAPY
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The expansion of infant mental health (IMH) to at‐risk preschoolers and their families has contributed to the integration of relational play therapy (RPT) into IMH treatment services for this population. Integrating RPT allows access to specialized play and expressive techniques specific to preschool and family development, which improves the clinical ability to meet the multiple and complex needs of at‐risk parent–child dyads and their families. This article will examine the RPT literature and explore the similarities and differences between IMH and RPT. In addition, two case studies will highlight a five‐phase, integrative clinical‐treatment process and provide insight into how IMH clinicians are integrating RPT models and maintaining adherence to the IMH treatment approach. 相似文献
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Christine Anzieu-Premmereur 《International Forum of Psychoanalysis》2017,26(1):54-58
AbstractHow can some classical Freudian concepts such as defense, transference, infantile sexuality, and the role of the body ego and superego in the first year of life be applied to help the analyst working with parent–infant dyads? The case of a newborn that could not look at her mother, who did not feel empathy towards this child conceived as a result of an egg donation, was understood using Winnicott’s notion of early superego and the lack of libidinal pleasure. The notion of defenses towards primitive anxiety and the role of unconscious maternal functioning were helpful in helping the child as well as the parents to regulate their interactions. 相似文献
456.
Theano S. Kokkinaki V.G.S. Vasdekis Zaharenia E. Koufaki Colwyn B. Trevarthen 《Infant and child development》2017,26(2)
Eleven infant–mother dyads in Crete were videod during spontaneous interactions at home, from the second to the sixth month of life. Micro‐analysis was used to investigate‘coordination'and ‘non‐matching’ of facial expressions of emotion. ‘Emotional coordination’ was evaluated with four measures: matching of facial expressions, completion when one responded to the other with ‘pleasure’ or ‘interest’, synchrony by matching frequency of change or rhythm of emotional expressions, and attunement when shifts of emotional intensity of the two partners were in the same direction.‘Emotional non‐matching'was coded when neither the infant nor the mother showed interest in interacting with the other. In emotional coordination or non‐matching between mother and infant, who performed first was also recorded. We obtained evidence of emotional matching, synchrony, and attunement. Importantly, the probability of emotional non‐matching by the infant was higher than the probability of emotional matching and completion, indicating a tendency for thoughtful attention or playful rivalry in the responses of infants, who also initiated emotional matching, completion, and non‐matching more frequently than mothers. The probability of expression of emotional matching, completion, and non‐matching changed with age. Both mothers and infants act to obtain sympathetic complementarity of feelings and co‐operative inter‐synchrony of actions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
457.
Several authors have reported that participants have a leftward bias when holding a newborn or young infant. Our study of mothers met before and after their infant's birth sought to ascertain whether particular combinations of affective symptoms (depression, anxiety) and holding positions (horizontal versus vertical) were related to holding‐side biases. Our results showed that (a) mothers displayed a significant leftward (71%) holding bias, (b) mothers with affective symptoms held their newborn on the right side and more frequently in the vertical position, and (c) hemispheric specialization for perceiving visual emotions had no significant effect on the holding‐side biases of new mothers. These results suggest that maternal affective symptoms have a dominant effect on the determination of holding‐side preferences, when associated with a particular holding position. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
458.
为了寻找婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂手术比较理想的基础麻醉方式,将该类手术患儿60例随机均分为氯胺酮肌肉注射基础麻醉组(K组)和高浓度七氟醚吸入基础麻醉组(S组)。患儿入手术室后常规监测生命体征,记录其哭闹时间、睫毛反射消失时间和疼痛反射消失时间,观察基础麻醉期间患儿的合作情况和有无并发症的发生。术后随访并发症的发生情况。S组与K组患儿相比,哭闹时间、睫毛反射时间、疼痛反射消失时间均显著缩短。K组患儿基础麻醉期间发生的并发症明显多于S组,且.术后呕吐的发生率亦显著高于S组。因此,高浓度七氟醚吸入做基础麻醉是婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂手术时较为理想的基础麻醉方式。 相似文献
459.
刘传合 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2009,(11):13-15
如何对婴幼儿哮喘进行早期诊断和进行早期干预已成为目前儿童哮喘防治的主要话题。随着肺功能检测技术的进步,临床上已有多项肺功能检测技术可应用于婴幼儿。正确地理解和掌握这些检测技术可为婴幼儿哮喘的诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要依据。本文对这些不同检测技术的原理、参数及其临床意义进行了阐述。 相似文献
460.
Health disparities among African-American families represent a significant social problem. Nationally, African-American infants have dramatically worse birth outcomes than other racial and ethnic groups. A Community-Based Participatory Research approach was utilized to engage community residents. This study examined participants’ definitions of infant mortality, views on the community impact of infant mortality, and strengths and vulnerabilities in the health care service delivery system. Qualitative data were gathered in a rural North Florida community where health education groups are conducted. Eight focus groups were arranged with African-American women (n = 46), ranging in age from 14 to 35, who were pregnant, parenting children under the age of two. Respondents poignantly described personal experiences of loss associated with infant mortality. They indicated awareness of problems related to lack of accessibility and availability of medical and social services. The use of social-ecological theory and implications for policy and social justice are discussed. 相似文献