住院用药医嘱点评软件功能的设计

为了提升临床药师点评住院用药医嘱的工作效率,保障住院用药医嘱点评工作的准确性和及时性,从而对住院用药医嘱起到监督和规范的作用.通过研究国内外合理用药软件和处方点评软件的功能,结合国内医疗机构处方点评的工作模式和需求,设计出满足临床合理用药需求的住院医嘱点评软件.经过设计的住院医嘱点评软件的功能主要包括：信息自主维护模块、信息查询模块、住院用药医嘱点评模块、点评结果统计模块、药品使用情况统计模块.经过设计的住院医嘱点评软件的功能更加完善,为临床合理用药提供依据.     

Ritual and spontaneity in healthcare and in the organisation of therapeutic communities

The author, following constructivist psychoanalysis, observes a dialectic at work in the therapeutic community between knowledge and authority of the analyst and his/her spontaneity on the one hand, and between the formal and informal roles that therapists adopt in a therapeutic community on the other hand. The key to successful therapy, he suggests, lies in maintaining this dialectic. He then goes on to discuss the function of staff teams in therapeutic communities and the importance of taking into account the patients’ unconscious representations of the team. He stresses the need for leadership in therapeutic communities and in engaging with moral issues and not just clinical ones.     

Mental illness,religion, and the rational mind: The case of Clifford W. Beers

This article focuses on the mental illness of Clifford W. Beers, who pioneered mental hospital reform in the United States in the early decades of the twentieth century, and the encouragement Beers received from William James in this endeavor. It argues that James supported Beers because he personally identified with the younger man's struggles with mental illness and with the high value that he placed on the vital importance of the rational mind in regaining one's sanity.     

Justice,authority, and the world order

This paper defends the pertinence of global justice in the contemporary world. It accepts, for the sake of argument, Nagel's view that matters of justice arise only when political authority is asserted or exercised and, connectedly, his rejection of the cosmopolitan thesis. However, it challenges his conclusion that considerations of justice do not apply beyond the state. It argues that on any plausible account of the relationship between authority and justice international institutions, such as the World Trade Organisation, are now authoritative in the right way to justify their evaluation from the point of view of justice.     

Albert Ellis: Unsung hero of positive psychology

The contributions of Albert Ellis to the understanding of human happiness including his suggestions for living a happier life have not been represented in the field of positive psychology. This article presents Ellis’ theoretical constructs associated with his conception of happiness (dual nature of human psyche, self-actualization, purpose and goals of life and short- and long-term happiness). Eleven of Ellis’ rational principles of living (e.g. self-interest, self-direction, self-acceptance, commitment to absorbing activities, hedonism) are presented. When consistently applied in practice, they may help people to experience frequent positive affect, less frequent and intense negative emotions and high life satisfaction. It will show how Ellis’ ABC-DE scientific method can be used with individuals to lessen unhappiness. Suggestions are provided for research into associations between rationality and happiness as well as the impact of different rationality-based interventions on happiness.     

SCIENCE MEETS BIBLICAL EXEGESIS IN THE GALILEO AFFAIR

Abstract Although Galileo's venture into theology, as discussed by McMullin, is limited to Galileo's exegesis of Scripture, it can be seen as an important element in a broader role in theology, namely in ecclesiology and in the development of doctrine. From the Council of Trent, the Reformation Council, until today there has been a development in the Church concerning the manner in which Sacred Scripture should be interpreted and as to whether it can be said to be in conflict with our scientific knowledge of nature. Galileo made a significant contribution to this development. With his telescopic observations he was, in fact, undermining the prevailing Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day and was defending the birth of modern science against a mistaken view of Scripture. The Church of his time was not prepared to accept his contribution to this theological development. What does this history have to contribute to the challenges we face today in the interactions between science and religious belief?     

Richard Popkin – A Personal Memoir

This article is an introduction to an ancient Egyptian text called The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant and an argument that it ought to be seen as a classic of political philosophy. After contextualizing the tale as part of a tradition of moral and political philosophy in ancient Egypt, I explore the methods by which the text defines the proper roles of political authority and contrast its approach to justifying political authority with the argument from the state of nature so common in modern Western political philosophy. I claim that the tale's argument from dysfunction anticipates the move in contemporary Western political philosophy towards privileging non-ideal over ideal theory. I discuss challenges in translating the key term in the tale – ma'at – in light of the fact that it can be taken to mean ‘justice’ and/or ‘truth’. Finally, I discuss how the irony at the heart of its narrative can lead us to interpret the tale as having either conservative or revolutionary implications for the political system it depicts.     

药物治疗的矛盾现象、产生原因及其处理

药物治疗的矛盾表现在药物的选择和联合、剂型和给药途径、剂量、给药方法和疗程上.而引起药物治疗矛盾的因素主要有病情因素（如病因、诱因、临床表现、并发症和伴发症等）、患者因素（如生理因素、特殊体质、社会人文因素及依从性等）、药物因素（如禁忌证和适应证、药效学、药代动力学、药物不良反应和药物相互作用等）和其他治疗措施（如手术、透析等）4个方面.我们可以通过调整治疗的重点、治疗的措施、治疗的目标或预期结果,以及调整治疗的方案入手解决矛盾,特别需要避免人为的制造、扩大或激化矛盾.     

我们往何处去?——抗生素使用与细菌耐药性的对立发展思考

本文从多个角度,分析抗生素产生耐药性的诸多因素,发现抗生素使用广泛,抗生素的滥用不仅归因于医院-医疗行业,社会各行各业都存在滥用的问题,以及环境的包括自然的和人为的因素在某种程度上影响耐药性的产生。因此,合理使用抗生素是一项宏大而艰巨的任务,关键是一种发展的意识和如何面对发展的意识。