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71.
《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2013,10(2):269-284
The aim of this study was to examine whether personal value priorities, measured by Schwartz et al.'s method, change during higher education, whether moral reasoning measured by the DIT develops and whether values predict gain in moral development. Moreover, we explored the simultaneous changes in value priorities and moral reasoning. Our sample consisted of 132 students from a university of applied sciences who filled out the value measure and the DIT both at the beginning and at the end of their studies. The results revealed that universalism and security values became more important whereas achievement decreased in importance during the three-year period. We also found significant gain in moral development and that universalism and hedonism values predicted this gain significantly. Significant correlated change was found between moral reasoning and stimulation, conformity and security values. The meaning of the results is discussed in terms of the theories of Schwartz and Kohlberg. 相似文献
72.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(6):471-480
In a large corpus of American books, we tracked how frequently words related to moral excellence and virtue appeared over the twentieth century. Considering the well-established cultural trend in the USA toward greater individualism and its implications for the moral domain, we predicted that terms related to morality and virtue would appear with diminishing frequency in American books. Two studies supported our predictions: Study 1 showed a decline in the use of general moral terms such as virtue, decency and conscience, throughout the twentieth century. In Study 2, we examined the appearance frequency of 50 virtue words (e.g. honesty, patience, compassion) and found a significant decline for 74% of them. Overall, our findings suggest that during the twentieth century, moral ideals and virtues have largely waned from the public conversation. 相似文献
73.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(3):249-261
A four-week experimental study (N?=?113) examined the effects of reflecting on intrinsic values. In the experimental group, participants learned about the distinction between intrinsic (e.g. having close relationships) and extrinsic (e.g. being popular) values, wrote about two personal intrinsic values, and then reflected on these values weekly for four weeks. In the control group, participants completed parallel exercises related to the daily details of their lives. Results revealed that participants in the intrinsic values group experienced greater well-being immediately following the written reflection than participants in the control group. Four weeks later, the more engaged participants felt in the reflection exercises, the more they prioritized intrinsic over extrinsic values and the greater their well-being. These effects occurred only for participants in the intrinsic values condition. The implications for changing value priorities and improving well-being are discussed. 相似文献
74.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(1):62-72
When asked to describe a courageous action they have taken personally, people overwhelmingly describe an action with a successful outcome (Pury, Kowalski, & Spearman, 2007). Study 1 replicated these findings in observations of other people. Fifty participants described a courageous action taken by another person and made parallel ratings to Pury et al. Participants in Study 1 also described actions with overwhelmingly successful outcomes. In Study 2, 152 participants rated otherwise identical scenarios differing in success of outcome and attribution (internal vs. external) for outcome. Successful actions were rated as more courageous than unsuccessful outcomes, although this effect was attenuated for external attributions. Thus, we suggest that successful outcome is an unarticulated part of implicit theories of courage. 相似文献
75.
Two influential approaches to conceptualising the relationship between public and private law have suggested that the distinction
between them should be abandoned. The first, as exemplified by Oliver, suggests that the distinction should be abandoned in
favour of fusion based on the notion of commonality. The second, as exemplified by Teubner, rejects fusion, arguing for the
replacement of the distinction with a concept capturing the multi-dimensional complexity of law in multiple social contexts:
`polycontexturality'. This article focuses primarily on exploring conceptual puzzles presented by Oliver's `commonality thesis',
and argues for a reconceptualisation of the relationship between public and private law as multi-layered. Monolithic and rigidly
binary concepts alike should be replaced by a complex set of relationships – a position broadly supportive of Teubner's. However,
it is argued that the relationships between public and private law are to be seen as existing on a spectrum, or even on an
overarching meta-spectrum, in which the existence of distinctive `archetypal conceptual paradigms' influence as `meta-spectrum
extremities'. This presents a limited caveat to Teubner's thesis. I suggest that explicit theoretical attention to both the
implications of polycontexturality and the existence of the archetypal conceptual paradigms as meta-spectrum extremities might
avoid occluding important distinctions and nuances within a fusion that tends illegitimately to subsume private law within
a public law paradigm. Such an analysis, I argue, could enhance the coherence of the law in complex, multi-dimensional cases
at the troubled borderline between public and private law.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
76.
Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2003,6(4):349-376
Real-self accounts of moral responsibility distinguish between various types of motivational elements. They claim that an agent is responsible for acts suitably related to elements that constitute the agent's real self. While such accounts have certain advantages from a compatibilist perspective, they are problematic in various ways. First, in it, authority and authenticity conceptions of the real self are often inadequately distinguished. Both of these conceptions inform discourse on identification, but only the former is relevant to moral responsibility. Second, authority and authenticity real-self theories are unable to accommodate cases in which the agent neither identifies nor disidentifies with his action and yet seems morally responsible for what he does. Third, authority and authenticity real-self theories are vulnerable to counterexamples in which the provenance of the agent's real self undermines responsibility. 相似文献
77.
78.
当代美国行政伦理的理论与实践 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
当代美国行政伦理的基本价值理念在个人价值上重视诚实和正义;在职业价值上重视专业和敬业;在组织价值上重视效率和规则;在合法价值上重视依法和守法;在公共利益价值上重视为公共利益服务。美国行政伦理规范经历了一个制定、修订和演进过程,并始终重视其管理和实践。美国行政伦理50年的建设经验,对我国社会主义行政伦理建设具有重要启示意义。 相似文献
79.
Dirk Greimann 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2003,34(1):15-41
The Ontological Dilemma of Normative Ethics. This paper pursues two goals. The first is to show that normative ethics is confronted with the following dilemma: to be
coherent, this discipline is ontologically committed to acknowledge the existence of objective values, but, to be scientifically
respectable, it is committed to repudiate such values. The second goal is to assess the possible solutions to this dilemma.
To this end, the following strategies are discussed: Kant’s constructive objectivism, Jürgen Habermas’ “epistemic ersatzism”,
Franz von Kutschera’s “confirmation pragmatism”, and David Brink’s “objectivist tour de force”. The paper’s conclusion is
that the dilemma cannot be solved because it rests on a clash of intuitions none of which can be given up.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
80.
用问卷法对7省市958名中学生的价值观、自我概念与生活满意度进行研究,结果表明:(1)中学生具有较高的总体生活满意度;(2)男生在身心状况和学习状况两领域的满意度显著高于女生;高一学生在物质生活领域的满意度显著高于其他三个年级,在社会适应与社会支持领域的满意度显著高于高二,在学习状况领域的满意度显著高于初三,在社会发展与国际政治领域的满意度显著高于高三;(3)价值观中的金钱权力、法律规范家庭价值取向和自我概念各因子对物质生活满意度具有显著的预测作用;价值观中的法律规范价值取向和自我概念中的人际关系自我、学习能力自我和外貌自我对身心状况满意度具有显著的预测作用;价值观中的法律规范、家庭价值取向和自我概念中的人际关系自我、学习能力自我和外貌自我对社会适应与社会支持满意度具有显著的预测作用;价值观中的金钱权力、法律规范、家庭价值取向和自我概念中的理想自我、人际关系自我、学习能力自我对学习状况满意度具有显著的预测作用;价值观中的金钱权力、法律规范、家庭、公共利益价值取向和自我概念中的学习能力自我对社会发展与国际政治满意度具有显著的预测作用. 相似文献