What kind of evaluative states are emotions? The attitudinal theory vs. the perceptual theory of emotions

This paper argues that Deonna and Teroni's attitudinal theory of emotions faces two serious problems. The first is that their master argument fails to establish the central tenet of the theory, namely, that the formal objects of emotions do not feature in the content of emotions. The second is that the attitudinal theory itself is vulnerable to a dilemma. By pointing out these problems, our paper provides indirect support to the main competitor of the attitudinal theory, namely, the perceptual theory of emotions.     

Investigating stereotype structure with empirical network models

In this work we present empirical network models as a new approach in the investigation of stereotype structure. We will argue that empirical network models can provide more insight into stereotype structure because they do not suffer from the inherent constraints of factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (e.g., group features interpreted homogeneously only on the basis of their shared variance, impossibility to adequately represent cognitive schemas, difficulties to make inferences on the basis of dimensions potentially overlapping). In the present research we show how empirical network models can represent stereotypes as dynamic cognitive structures clustered in different substructures. These structures will be based on both the stereotype content and the co-occurrence of features in each group target. Additionally, this research shows how using empirical networks can contribute to broadening the interpretation of stereotypes representing them in the framework of prejudice or intergroup attitudes.     

How to tell essence (when you sense one)

How could perceptual experiences reveal matters of essentiality? Answering this question is crucial for vindicating a thesis about the epistemic import of experience, commonly known as Revelation. The thesis comes in a weak and a strong version. Only on the strong one could it make up an authoritative piece of common sense. But this version also seems to demand too much of our experiences, namely that they can reveal essentiality. However, the impression that our experiences are not suited for this turns out to be due to a non-mandatory assumption about how the revelation of essentiality would work.     

全球化时代的国家认同：认同内容及其对群际行为的影响

随着全球化进程的不断推进, 国家认同再次成为社会心理学的研究热点。全球化到底是削弱国家认同还是增强国家认同, 不仅与国家认同的具体内容有关, 还受国家的全球化水平影响。同时, 个体对外群体的态度, 不仅受到群体规模的影响, 国家认同内容也起着调节作用。人们越是基于语言、宗教、文化等族群特质来界定国家身份, 对外群体的态度越消极; 越是基于公民特质来界定国家身份, 对外群体的态度越积极。今后应该整合国家认同的内容、厘清国家认同的发展轨迹、拓展国家认同的研究方法以及开展中国化研究。     

社会认知中热情与能力的补偿效应

刻板印象内容模型(SCM)提出了热情与能力社会认知维度, 这两个维度之间存在着特殊的补偿效应。补偿效应是在比较两个基本维度的情境下, 为了区分两个社会目标, 通过热情与能力之间的补偿使社会目标形成反差的一种倾向。其心理机制可能通过对比效应、系统公正理论或混合印象预期理论来解释。可以通过直接和间接的方法来测量补偿效应。补偿效应包括单维补偿和双维补偿两种基本类型, 其中单维补偿又可分为能力补偿热情以及热情补偿能力两种。补偿效应的研究仍处于起步阶段, 其理论研究和实际应用研究仍需要进一步深化和扩展。     

我国古籍中“勇”的心理学探析

在830部古籍中检索“勇”,形成包含836个句段的语料库,对语料逐条进行内容分析。结果如下：“勇”的内涵主要体现为威猛强悍、临危不惧、坚定笃志、果敢决断、大义担当、知耻革新六个方面,大致分为义理之勇和血气之勇两类,具有维护国家安全、优化人格等功能。最后,对勇气的传统性与现代性、跨文化的一致性与差异性进行了讨论,并提出勇气是一种既继承了优秀的中国文化传统,又能适应当下心理学国际化需要的心理品质。     

Traumatology Trends: A Content Analysis of Three Counseling Journals From 1994 to 2014

A content analysis of the Journal of Counseling & Development, Journal of Mental Health Counseling, and Counselor Education and Supervision from 1994 to 2014 was conducted to determine traumatology topics and trends. The frequency of trauma articles was low, and the largest category focused on sexual abuse. Few articles addressed terrorism or mass violence. Emerging topics included shared trauma and trauma supervision. Development of consistent nomenclature, trauma training, and specialized trauma journals are recommended to increase publications.     

On representational content and format in core numerical cognition

Carey has argued that there is a system of core numerical cognition – the analog magnitude (AM) system – in which (approximate) cardinal numbers are explicitly represented in iconic format. While the existence of this system is beyond doubt, this paper aims to show that its representations cannot have the combination of features attributed to them by Carey. According to the argument from abstractness, the representation of the (approximate) cardinal number of a collection of individuals as such requires the representation of individuals as such, and this in turn requires non-iconic format, from which it is concluded that the explicit representation of the (approximate) cardinal number of some individuals requires non-iconic representational format. In support of the first premise, an account is given of what approximate cardinal numbers might be (namely, quantifiers), and in support of the second, a direct argument is articulated and defended. Finally, in response to an objection, a second argument (from parts) for the central thesis is provided. While the discussion is couched in the terms of Carey’s work, the considerations it adduces are perfectly general, and the conclusion should therefore be taken into consideration by all those aiming to characterize the AM system.     

Deaf hearing: Implicit discrimination of auditory content in a patient with mixed hearing loss

We describe a patient LS, profoundly deaf in both ears from birth, with underdeveloped superior temporal gyri. Without hearing aids, LS displays no ability to detect sounds below a fixed threshold of 60 dBs, which classifies him as clinically deaf. Under these no-hearing-aid conditions, when presented with a forced-choice paradigm in which he is asked to consciously respond, he is unable to make above-chance judgments about the presence or location of sounds. However, he is able to make above-chance judgments about the content of sounds presented to him under forced-choice conditions. We demonstrated that LS has faint sensations from auditory stimuli, but questionable awareness of auditory content. LS thus has a form of type-2 deaf hearing with respect to auditory content. As in the case of a subject with acquired deafness and deaf hearing reported on a previous occasion, LS’s condition of deaf hearing is akin in some respects to type-2 blindsight. As for the case of type 2 blindsight the case indicates that a form of conscious hearing can arise in the absence of a fully developed auditory cortex.