由临床病例引发对患者医疗自主权的思考

从医务人员视角结合临床病例浅谈患者医疗自主权。阐述患者医疗自主权的概念及涵盖的内容,包括知情同意原则、意定监护、生前预嘱、预立医疗指示、预立医疗照护计划。分析患者医疗自主权在我国实施所存在的阻力,包括受传统孝道束缚、国民对患者医疗自主权的维护意识不强和认知不足、缺乏死亡教育以及医学技术层面等问题。为了有效推广和实施患者医疗自主权,作为医务人员首先要提高自身意识、加强推广力度,其次对于公众要加强死亡教育,另外医患之间、患者与家属之间的交流沟通也非常重要。

     

大渐弥留的混沌之态：评《生死有时》一书

在人类命运共同体遭受一场前所未有的大疫威胁之际,上海教育出版社及时地推出了《生死有时》一书。尽管其副标题发问的要点是“美国医院如何型塑死亡”,但这个问题的尖锐性指向几乎是所有的重症医学实践。大疫将人之死的个体性纳入到一个疾病全球化的视野,《生死有时》并没有讨论重大公共卫生危机导致的世界性灾难,然而也能让我们联想到一个存在主义意义的危机问题。那就是大渐弥留的混沌之态。在此书中,涉及生命末端期的混沌问题包括：尊严死何以可能？旨在尊重患者主体性的生前预嘱是否可行？针对重症患者的医疗措施应该何时从常规治疗过渡到临终关怀？

     

实质正义与程序正义——伦理委员会SOP解读

伦理委员会是生命伦理体制化的一个重要体现,为保证其评审质量,必须有标准操作规程(SOP)。这既是程序正义,也是为了真正实现正义。程序正义绝不是可有可无的,也不是可遵循可不遵循的。     

青少年学生自我意识发展的研究

本文研究了初一到高二年级学生自我意识发展的状况。考察了不同年级不同性别的学生一般自尊情感、特殊指向的自我意识和独立意识的发展特点。研究结果表明:1.不论是一般的自尊情感、特殊指向的自我意识,还是独立意识,都随年级的升高而逐渐深化和稳定。初一、初二的发展较平缓,初二到高一是自我意识迅速发展的时期,高一、高二是趋于稳定的时期。2.学生的自我意识的指向逐渐由生理转向内在心理品质和社会交往,并在自我评价的基础上产生了更为高级的情感体验和对自我的接纳。3.一般的自尊情感与特殊指向的自我意识的发展存在差异,学生特殊指向的自我意识易受情境的影响。     

Attachment,Social Support,Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

The present study aimed to examine the effects of attachment, social support and resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. One hundred fifty-two HIV+ adults in China were investigated. The results suggested that attachment anxiety had a significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms and impacted PTSD symptoms indirectly though associations with social support and resilience. Attachment avoidance could also be considered a distal risk factor of PTSD symptoms via the mediation of social support and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of identifying trauma and PTSD symptoms in people affected by HIV/AIDS and suggest that people with attachment anxiety and low social support resources might be at high risk for PTSD.     

How do we optimize message matching interventions? Identifying matching thresholds,and simultaneously matching to multiple characteristics

Matching the content of persuasive messages to the characteristics (e.g., motives, personality) of people receiving them is a widely used technique to improve persuasion. However, little is known about how to optimize matching beyond simply using the technique. We propose that matching interventions can be strengthened by matching messages to multiple characteristics at a time, and introduce the concept of matching thresholds to improve the way interventionists assign messages. Matching thresholds are defined as the points along characteristics where people change from being most responsive to one message type to another. We provide statistical and methodological tools to estimate matching thresholds, and evaluate these tools in two simulation studies. We then report an online experiment (N = 568) where we find an advantage for simultaneously matching messages to two characteristics (promotion focus and interdependent self-construal) and provide estimates of the matching thresholds to guide the assignment of gain/loss frames and independence/interdependence appeals.     

拼音在儿童课外阅读中的作用

本研究利用课堂时间模拟儿童独立阅读情景,探讨了拼音在小学一年级儿童课外阅读中的作用.结果发现:(1)低年级儿童已经在一定程度上具备了独立阅读能力.在合适的阅读材料条件下,儿童能很好地理解故事,并能从独立阅读中伴随学习到一定数量的词汇.(2)伴随学习效果受注音方式的影响,全文注音条件的伴随学习率最高,生字注音最不利于伴随学习.     

Affectivity and movement: The sense of sensing in Erwin Straus

This paper explores the notion of sensing (Empfinden) as developed by Erwin Straus. It argues that the notion of sensing is at the center of Strauss's thought about animal and human experience. Straus's originality consists in approaching sensory experience from an existential point of view. Sensing is not a mode of knowing. Sensing is distinguished from perceiving but is still a mode of relation to exteriority, and is situated on the side of what is usually called affectivity. At the same time Strauss redefines the field of that which is commonly characterized as affectivity. Sensing designates a stratum that lies deeper than the division between perceiving and feeling (s'éprouver), a self-affection that is not an alternative to the opening upon exteriority. It corresponds to a mode of immediate communication, to a sympathy with the world that does not entail any thematic dimension, but does not fall back into a blind fusion. Rather, sensing is something in the living being's mode of moving that is irreducible, and that includes a tending toward something. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.