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691.
The fastest kinetics of lamellar disintegration (predicted duration of 44 min) in AISI 1080 steel is obtained with a novel approach of incomplete austenitisation-based cyclic heat treatment involving forced air cooling with an air flow rate of 8.7 m3 h?1. A physical model for process kinetics is proposed that involves lamellar fragmentation, lamellar thickening, divorced eutectoid growth and generation of new lamellar faults in remaining cementite lamellae in each cycle. Lamellar fragmentation is accentuated with faster rate of cooling through generation of more intense lamellar faults; but divorced eutectoid growth is ceased. Accordingly, as compared to still air cooling, much faster kinetics of lamellar disintegration is obtained by forced air cooling together with the generation of much smaller submicroscopic cementite particles (containing more proportion of plate-shaped non-spheroids) in divorced eutectoid region. 相似文献
692.
互联网时代,人们在网络上留下了各种反映其心理过程与文化特征的信息。这些庞大多样的互联网数据为文化心理学研究提供了新视角。首先,当前文化心理学存在文化差异和文化变迁两种研究取向,互联网数据相较传统来源数据在这两种研究上均存在若干优势;其次,针对4种类型的互联网数据,文化心理学家利用文本分析、多媒体分析、社会网络分析和互联网使用行为分析的方法进行研究;再次,基于互联网数据及其分析方法,文化差异与变迁研究取得了丰硕的成果;最后,当前基于互联网数据的文化心理学研究存在效度、技术与理论局限,未来研究需通过合理抽样、检验新指标有效性、准因果分析、充分运用新技术、数据驱动等方法来提升方法效度、结果深度及理论多样性。 相似文献
693.
Oliver C. Mudford Neil T. Martin Jasmine K. Y. Hui Sarah Ann Taylor 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):527-539
The three algorithms most frequently selected by behavior‐analytic researchers to compute interobserver agreement with continuous recording were used to assess the accuracy of data recorded from video samples on handheld computers by 12 observers. Rate and duration of responding were recorded for three samples each. Data files were compared with criterion records to determine observer accuracy. Block‐by‐block and exact agreement algorithms were susceptible to inflated agreement and accuracy estimates at lower rates and durations. The exact agreement method appeared to be overly stringent for recording responding at higher rates (23.5 responses per minute) and for higher relative duration (72% of session). Time‐window analysis appeared to inflate accuracy assessment at relatively high but not at low response rate and duration (4.8 responses per minute and 8% of session, respectively). 相似文献
694.
Tyler Burge 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(1):157-167
The article is an overview of some central philosophical problems associated with perception. It discusses what distinguishes perception from other sensory capacities and from conception. It discusses anti‐individualism, a view according to which the nature of a perceptual state is dependent not just causally but for its identity or ‘essence’ on relations to a normal environment in which systems containing that state were formed. It discusses different views about epistemic warrant. By emphasising the deep ways in which human and animal perceptual systems, especially visual systems, are similar, it criticises a dominant view of the last century, in both philosophy and large parts of psychology, according to which a range of sophisticated supplementary abilities have to be learned before a child can perceive objective features of the physical world. 相似文献
695.
Changes in dichotomous data caused by treatments can be analyzed by means of the so-called linear logistic model with relaxed
assumptions (LLRA). The LLRA does not require observable criteria representing a single underlying latent trait, but it postulates
the generalizability of the treatment effects over criteria and subjects. To test this latter crucial assumption, the mixture
LLRA was proposed that allows directly unobservable types of subjects to have different treatment effects. As the earlier
methods for estimating the parameters of the mixture LLRA have specific drawbacks, a further method based on the conditional
maximum likelihood principle will be presented here. In contrast to the earlier conditional methods, it uses all of the dichotomous
change data while having fewer parameters. Further, its goodness-of-fit tests become more sensitive to a falsely specified
number of change-types even though the treatment effects are biased. For typically occurring small to moderate sample sizes,
however, parametric bootstrapping of the distributions of the fit statistics is recommended for performing hypotheses tests.
Finally, three applications of the new method to empirical data are described: first, about the effect of the so-called Trager
psychophysical integration, second, about the effect of autogenic therapy on patients with psychosomatic symptoms, and, third,
about the effect of religious education on the attitude towards sects.
The mixture LLRA is implemented in the menu-driven program MIXLLRA which can be obtained from Ivo Ponocny via e-mail (ivo.ponocny@univie.ac.at). 相似文献
696.
Recent advances in data recording technology have given researchers new ways of collecting on-line and continuous data for
analyzing input-output systems. For example, continuous response digital interfaces are increasingly used in psychophysics.
The statistical problem related to these input-output systems reduces to linking time-varying covariates to a continuous response
variate. Using real-time data obtained from an experiment in psychoacoustics, we showcase new statistical tools that incorporate
dynamical elements of an input-output system. We employ functional data analysis (FDA) methods and a simple differential equation
to analyze and model the continuous responses. Furthermore, we outline the issues involved in analyzing input-output systems
when the exact form of the underlying mathematical model is not known. Finally, we develop a calibration method to facilitate
inter-subject and intra-subject comparisons.
This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to J. O. Ramsay and
to D. J. Levitin, and by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) to D. J. Levitin.
We would like to thank Bennett Smith for designing and implementing the software used to conduct the pitch tracking experiment.
Also, we wish to thank the research assistants in the Levitin Laboratory involved in the data collection: Catherine Chapados,
Andrew Schaaf and Carla Himmelman. We would also like to acknowledge Giles Hooker’s work on implementing the generalized profiling
software used within this paper. 相似文献
697.
The CHIC Model: A Global Model for Coupled Binary Data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Often problems result in the collection of coupled data, which consist of different N-way N-mode data blocks that have one or more modes in common. To reveal the structure underlying such data, an integrated modeling
strategy, with a single set of parameters for the common mode(s), that is estimated based on the information in all data blocks,
may be most appropriate. Such a strategy implies a global model, consisting of different N-way N-mode submodels, and a global loss function that is a (weighted) sum of the partial loss functions associated with the different
submodels. In this paper, such a global model for an integrated analysis of a three-way three-mode binary data array and a
two-way two-mode binary data matrix that have one mode in common is presented. A simulated annealing algorithm to estimate
the model parameters is described and evaluated in a simulation study. An application of the model to real psychological data
is discussed.
T. Wilderjans is a Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (Belgium). The research reported in this
paper was partially supported by the Research Council of K.U. Leuven (GOA/2005/04). We are grateful to Kristof Vansteelandt
for providing us with an interesting data set. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. 相似文献
698.
A comparison of normative data for the Trail Making Test from several countries: equivalence of norms and considerations for interpretation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Trail Making Test may not be equivalent across cultures, i.e., differences in the scores across different cultures may not reveal real differences in the ability of the subjects on the construct being measured. In order to assess this hypothesis, normative samples from ten different countries were compared. Age decade subgroups across samples were ranked based on mean time taken to complete each part of the task. Large Z scores differences were found between these samples when comparing the first with the second, and the last in the rank. These differences were significant even when age and education were comparable across samples. Following Van de Vijver & Tanzer (1997), several possible sources of bias were identified. Incomparability of samples and administration differences were the most likely factors accounting for differences. Because of the lack of validity studies in the countries considered, no firm conclusions could be obtained regarding construct bias. Although the TMT may be measuring visual scanning, psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, normative data from different countries and cultures are not equivalent which might lead to serious diagnostic errors. 相似文献
699.
Hussong AM Cai L Curran PJ Flora DB Chassin LA Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):335-346
We tested whether children show greater internalizing symptoms when their parents are actively abusing alcohol. In an integrative data analysis, we combined observations over ages 2 through 17 from two longitudinal studies of children of alcoholic parents and matched controls recruited from the community. Using a mixed modeling approach, we tested whether children showed elevated mother- and child-reported internalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences (time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects), and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). No support for time-varying effects was found; proximal effects of mothers' alcohol-related consequences on child-reported internalizing symptoms were found and distal effects of mother and father alcoholism predicted greater internalizing symptoms among children of alcoholic parents. Implications for the time-embedded relations between parent alcoholism and children's internalizing symptoms are discussed. 相似文献
700.
Valérie Siranyan 《Médecine & Droit》2019,2019(158):112-117
With the Internet and the artificial intelligence, the collection of personal data is becoming a strategic element for the digital economy. The collection of information touching the health or the body must respect the patients’ rights. The GDPR came into effect on May 25th, 2018. The healthcare professionals who are established in a Member state, must be careful because they can base their exercise on clinical or biological elements of their patients. 相似文献