内隐和外显记忆任务之间的实验性分离:编码程度和提取要求的作用

通过操纵编码程度(实验1)和提取要求(实验2)比较了内隐和外显记忆任务之间的操作变化.结果表明,编码时的语义和非语义加工之间存在着相互抑制的倾向;提取要求中更多意识成份的参与使先前情节中的语义成份得到更多的提取,而很少影响非语义成份的提取,编码程度和提取要求之间存在着相互作用.     

内隐记忆和内隐学习的整合研究趋向

内隐记忆和内隐学习代表了人类学习与记忆的无意识机制,它们打开了理解人类无意识奥妙的大门。从内隐记忆和内隐学习的诞生与实验室发展来看,二者似乎长期以来处在相对独立的位置。然而,随着研究的不断深入,走向整合已经成为不可抑制的趋向。该文旨在结合内隐记忆和内隐学习的定义、经验类似性、理论框架和实验研究等方面的证据,论述它们的整合必要以及已有的整合途径,促进研究对学习和记忆的无意识过程的全面把握     

消费者基于选择集的情境效应

消费者基于选择集的情境效应颠覆了传统的理性选择理论,表明了情境对消费者偏好和选择的系统性影响。情境效应主要的类型有吸引效应和折衷效应。情境效应具有感知偏差、风险和负面情绪规避以及信息推理等方面的内在机理。选择集结构和特征及消费者等因素都对情境效应产生影响,而情境效应会影响消费者偏好的构建。未来情境效应研究将会向复杂属性组合、复杂购买情境和新情境效应的发现等方面拓展。     

消费行为研究中的联合分析法

联合分析(Conjoint Analysis)是一种定量的研究消费者选择偏好的方法。虽然从它诞生到现在只有40年的历史,但它对消费者行为学的影响很大,它的发展更是日新月异。文章首先介绍了联合分析的基本概念,然后重点阐述了联合分析的原理、步骤和发展历程,最后对联合分析的发展方向作了一个简要概括。     

人工语法范式下的无意识知识探析

人工语法范式不仅是内隐学习领域广泛运用的范式,同时也是研究无意识知识的主要方法。文章通过对人工语法范式组成材料中的刺激频率、组块等方面进行深入探讨,不仅使人们对无意识知识有了更全面的认识,而且也有利于对内隐学习获得规则知识的假设提出更确定的回答;并通过对无意识知识的神经机制研究以及考察镜射规则学习过程的脑神经激活状况,获得了规则学习对应更为准确的脑神经活动,推动了人工语法范式下无意识知识的深入研究。     

风险决策中动态框架效应研究

风险决策的框架效应一直是理论研究和实践应用的焦点。该研究利用计算机联网模拟团队分布式动态风险决策任务,从三个方面（过去绩效,启动资金和目标设置）研究决策者在动态条件下风险偏好的变化规律。研究发现“目标设置”因素框架效应具有抑制作用,“启动资金”因素对个体和团队有不同影响。研究结果表明,风险敏感性同样适用于解释动态情境下的风险偏好。     

Preference Structure Modelling for Multi-objective Decision Making: A Goal–Programming Approach

We propose a new approach for modelling preference structures in multi-objective decision-making (MODM) problems. The basic idea of the approach is to first develop PROMETHEE-influenced objective functions and then to use these to reformulate the problem as a distance-based goal–programming (GP) model. Three basic functional forms are proposed and explicit expressions are developed for them. Among other things, the expressions allow for the straightforward development of an interactive framework while keeping the information requirements from the decision maker (DM) at a minimum. An ‘automatic’ piecewise linear approximation scheme is proposed for solving the GP model. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J. Multi-Crit. Decis. Anal. 6 : 150–154 (1997) No. of Figures: 0. No. of Tables: 0. No. of References: 12.     

Philosophy’s Diversity Problem

This paper explores the underrepresentation of women and minorities in academic philosophy. Specifically, it focuses on why, given the relatively even male/female ratio at undergraduate level, women are underrepresented at every level above this. It addresses some of the misconceptions and myths surrounding women in philosophy, including those surrounding the discussion of the different‐intuition hypothesis. It also explores the ways in which feminist research in philosophy is subject to marginalisation as a result of systematic exclusionary practices typical of the dominant culture of justification within traditional philosophy. It argues for the necessity of an intersectional approach, and the importance of taking seriously the psychological and sociological analysis of underrepresentation, in order to improve both the experience and the representation of women and other minorities at all levels of professional philosophy, as well as of the discipline as a whole.