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451.
Elizabeth Marcheschi Maria Johansson Thorbjörn Laike David Brunt 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2016,57(1):12-21
An observational approach was employed to investigate the role played by architectural characteristics of supported housing facilities (SHF) in sustaining interactional behavior among people with severe mental illness (SMI) (N = 29) and staff (N = 27). The observations were carried out in dining areas, corridors and outdoor environments of SHF (N = 4). In order to test differences in the observed behaviors two SHFs with high physical‐environment quality (HQ) and two with low physical‐environment quality (LQ) according to the perception of people with SMI were chosen. Results showed that the dining areas of HQ better support social interactions between SHF users. No differences between the housing facilities were found concerning corridors areas, while housing facilities that provided proximity and accessibility to outdoor environments, such as those with HQ, were significantly more supportive for social interactional behavior than LQ housing. These results corroborate previous findings from this project and suggest that the characteristics of the housing design have a significant impact on the use of the environment and on the behavior patterns in the setting. 相似文献
452.
Jeroen Knaeps Inge Neyens Jaap van Weeghel Chantal Van Audenhove 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2016,44(1):57-71
Although the evidence-based Individual Placement and Support programme highlights the importance of the vocational rehabilitation (VR) counsellors' focus on competitive employment during career counselling, studies have shown that counsellors do not always target such jobs. This study examines which determinants affect the counsellors' intentions using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Cross-sectional data of 263 VR counsellors of three public employment services were analysed using structural equation modelling. A path model comprising attitudes, prior behaviour, and subjective and moral norms explained 69% of the variance in intentions. The findings indicate that counsellors focus more on competitive employment when they (1) view the placement in a competitive job as positive, (2) experience support and (3) have prior relevant experiences. 相似文献
453.
454.
Joanna L. Hudson Christine Bundy Peter Coventry Chris Dickens Alex Wood David Reeves 《Psychology & health》2016,31(7):873-890
Objective: To explore whether negative emotions mediate the effect of diabetes cognitions on diabetes self-care and conversely whether diabetes cognitions mediate the effect of negative emotions on diabetes self-care.
Design: Longitudinal observational study in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Main outcome measures: Self-reported depression and anxiety (Diabetes Wellbeing Questionnaire), cognitions (Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised; Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire), and diabetes self-care (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale) were completed at baseline and six months. Analyses used structural equation modelling.
Results: Baseline medication concerns were associated with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety at follow-up, but emotions did not mediate medication concern’s effect on diabetes self-care. Baseline depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with specific diabetes cognitions over time, but these cognition domains did not mediate emotion’s effect on diabetes self-care. Personal control remained independent of emotions and was associated with diabetes self-care over time.
Conclusions: Negative emotions did not act directly or alongside cognitions to influence diabetes self-care. The reciprocal relationship between diabetes cognitions and emotions suggests cognitive restructuring, in addition to other mood management intervention techniques would likely improve the emotional wellbeing of adults with type 2 diabetes. Likewise, personal control beliefs are likely important intervention targets for improving self-care. 相似文献
455.
There is a growing awareness that responses to mental health disorders differ according to the label. Still, research on contact and prejudice against people with mental health disorders has generally focused on the broader label, “mental illness,” as though various disorders were interchangeable. The present research specifically investigated the relationship between intergroup contact and avoidance of people with schizophrenia—a particularly stigmatized and challenging group—as well as mediators of that relationship. In Study 1, 78 students completed measures of their prior contact with and prejudice against people with schizophrenia. Prior contact predicted less desired avoidance of people with schizophrenia, and this relationship was mediated by more favorable attitudes. Study 2 (N = 122) replicated the results of Study 1, and also found that less fear and less intergroup anxiety mediated the relationship between contact and avoidance. This suggests that contact may effectively reduce prejudice, even against this highly stigmatized group. 相似文献
456.
Remko L. M. van der Sanden Arjan E. R. Bos Sarah E. Stutterheim John B. Pryor Gerjo Kok 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2015,25(5):400-417
People with mental illness are not the sole recipients of stigmatisation; their immediate family members may be subjected to stigma by association. Through semi‐structured interviews, we investigated experiences of stigma by association among 23 immediate family members of people with mental illness. Participants reported experiencing stigma by association from community members, mental health professionals, and civil servants. Familial relationship, co‐residence, and the gender of participants appeared to play a role in their stigma experiences; parents and spouses reported different manifestations of stigma by association than siblings and children, participants who lived together with their family member with mental illness reported increased experiences of stigma by association, and in contrast to male participants, female participants reported others thinking they are overprotective and as such perpetuated, maintained, or sustained their family members' mental illness. The relevance of these factors points to the need for tailored education and emotional support provision to family members of people with mental illness. Moreover, in‐service training for mental health professionals should include the development of relevant social skills that enable the recognition of familial relationships and roles, and family members' fears, concerns, and problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
457.
In order to cope with the diagnosis of mental illness in a family member, siblings may be forced to adjust their roles in the family. Taking into account the crucial role that some siblings play in caregiving for the mentally ill especially when the parents are no longer available, it is imperative to develop awareness of their unique needs and address them. Thirty‐three adult siblings of people diagnosed with a mental disorder completed the Role Behaviour Inventory (RBI) and a general questionnaire including open‐ended questions regarding the roles they played in their families of origin. Findings from the inventory and general questionnaire suggest that the well siblings score higher on two roles, the Hero and Lost Child, and lower on the Mascot and Scapegoat roles relative to a comparison group (N = 33). Being a sibling caregiver emerged as a risk factor to assume certain dysfunctional roles in the family. Implications for future research and therapy are discussed. 相似文献
458.
刘瑶瑶 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2020,41(6):57-60
长久以来,生物医学在疾病疗愈上占据绝对优势,认为疾病是生物分子结构激变或生理激素紊乱造成的结果。美国人类学家凯博文通过对中国精神疾病的田野研究试图证明,身体是社会的身体,疾病是文化的建构。从疾病的社会建构论与疾痛叙事角度出发,以中国医学科学院整形医院整形一科的田野实践为依据,对先天性唇腭裂患者的生活世界绘以深描,从病患的主体经验和体验出发,展现文化如何形塑身体观与疾病观,社会文化逻辑如何影响医学话语实践,以期对如何看待先天性唇腭裂患者,如何减轻先天性唇腭裂患者的疾痛进行反思。 相似文献
459.
美国哲学家S.K.图姆斯基于本人罹患的播散性或多发性硬化症的直接经验,阐述了关于病患意义构成及其变化四个层次的观点,这是他对梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学思想的具体化和当下化的应用。通过对这四个层次观点的梳理(感觉经验层次、患病的体验层次、疾病的认识层次、疾病状态的认识层次),认为研究病患意义具有极大的临床价值:即了解和读懂患者赋予病患的各种意义,将有助于改变目前临床医学问诊将患者的体验转变为医学概念术语的蜕变过程,有助于改善医患关系,并且对医学诊断和治疗目标带来深刻的影响。 相似文献
460.
通过对8名青年慢病病人疾病经历和主观体验的分析,发现他们的疾痛叙事围绕着两个维度展开,初患病时的疾病感知以及带病生存过程中遭遇的困境。虽然疾病打破了青年慢病病人的日常生活,但他们能够接受自身疾病、重新回归日常生活,这一转变过程中身份认同起到关键性作用。价值认同自洽、家庭支持、网络社群归属以及社会角色调适是青年慢病病人身份认同形成的深层机制,从中可以窥见青年慢病病人接受疾病、回归日常生活过程中宏观结构形塑与微观个体建构的交织逻辑,研究最后提出了相关建议。
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