英语学习不良儿童语音能力与阅读理解的关系

探讨了英语学习不良儿童语音能力的发展状况,分析了这些儿童在英语学习中语音能力,句法意识及阅读理解能力间的关系。结果发现,除了在假词拼读能力上存在缺陷外,英语学习不良儿童在其他语音能力--英语语音意识、听觉言语工作记忆及视觉言语工作记忆上均不存在发展滞后现象;在对儿童的阅读理解能力进行预测时,假词拼读、语音意识、句法意识和听觉工作记忆是较好的预测效标。     

Emotion comprehension and attachment: A conversational intervention with school-aged children

IntroductionAs part of the flourishing line of enquiry into children's emotion understanding, we report the results of a conversation-based intervention study aimed at improving participants’ emotion comprehension, and exploring the intervention effect as a function of attachment security.MethodThe study was conducted at school with the participation of 98 second-grade children (mean age: 7 years, 7 months; SD: 3.4 months). Participants were assigned to experimental and control groups that were balanced with respect to attachment security and insecurity as evaluated using the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT). The experimental group was exposed to a conversational intervention, in which short story readings with emotional content were used to stimulate discussion on the nature, causes and regulation of emotion. The children in the control group listened to the same stories, but did not take part in the conversational activity. Children from both groups were individually pre- and post-tested on measures of emotional lexicon (ELT) and emotion comprehension (TEC).ResultsThe training was found to have a significant effect on the emotion comprehension of the children allocated to the experimental group. In addition, non-secure children displayed higher gains in emotion comprehension than secure participants. The implications of the findings for educational and school contexts are discussed.     

教师的语言形式对儿童语言理解的影响

为考察教师的不同语言形式对儿童语言理解的影响,采用独白、半对话和全对话三种语言形式材料,要求不同年级儿童在不同的语言形式条件下完成七巧板图形的识别任务。结果显示,一年级儿童在全对话和半对话语言条件下的正确识别率均显著高于独白语言条件;三年级儿童在全对话语言条件下的正确识别率显著高于独白语言条件;五年级儿童在全对话语言条件下的正确识别率显著高于独白和半对话语言条件。结果说明,在不同年级儿童中,教师的对话语言以不同的内在过程影响儿童的语言理解,这为了解“对话语言易于理解”的发展性机制提供了依据。     

汉语习语理解研究

研究宗旨是探讨中国成人对汉语中三字习语的加工处理问题。研究材料包括：（１）动宾结构的惯用语,既有比喻意义又有字面意义;（２）动宾结构的一般三字词组;（３）偏正结构的三字惯用语,既有比喻意义又有字面意义;（４）偏正结构的一般三字词组;（５）动宾结构的惯用语。只有比喻意义而无字面意义;（６）三字词。它们都是被试所熟悉的。向３５名成人呈现这些词语和（７）无意义三字组合,要求他们作意义判别。结果表明,所有惯用语的判断反应均无显著性差异,各组惯用语的判断反应时均慢于单词,而快于一般词组。实验结果基本支持两种意义同时加工,但比喻意义优先完成的假设。此外,文章还讨论了习语的词汇化等问题。     

社会观点采择与故事阅读的关系——字词认知的调节作用

以161名小学四年级（10岁）儿童为对象,探讨社会观点采择与故事阅读理解之间的关系。要求被试完成故事阅读理解测验,社会观点采择测验和字词认知测验。采用分层回归进行数据分析,结果发现：（1）被试的社会观点采择能力对阅读理解总分、直接理解、直接推论、诠释整合具有显著的预测作用,对检视评价的预测作用不显著;（2）字词认知调节社会观点采择对故事阅读理解成绩的预测作用。社会观点采择对故事阅读理解成绩的影响随着字词认知能力的减弱而增高。对于字词认知能力较低的儿童,社会观点采择在故事阅读理解中发挥更强的预测作用。     

词切分与字间距对引导式汉语文本阅读工效的影响

采用两个实验分别考察了词切分和字间距对引导式汉语文本的阅读工效的影响。实验结果表明：(1)不同步幅下的阅读工效差异显著,其中3字／步条件下的阅读绩效最高,但词切分并未能提高阅读绩效,其中消失1词／步条件反而妨碍了阅读理解,出现1词／步条件也未能显著提高阅读工效;(2)字间距对汉语文本阅读工效有显著影响;(3)10字窗口下,步幅效应和字间距效应都显著;20字窗口下,二者都不显著。     

The effects of a ‘pretend play-based training’ designed to promote the development of emotion comprehension,emotion regulation,and prosocial behaviour in 5- to 6-year-old Swiss children

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pretend play-based training designed to promote the development of socio-emotional competences. 79 children aged 5 to 6 years were evaluated before and after a pretend play-based training. The experimental group (39 children) received this programme on emotion comprehension, negative emotion regulation, and prosocial behaviour one hour a week for eleven weeks during class hours, while the control group (40 children) received no specific intervention. The programme was implemented by 5 teachers. The results show improvements in the ability to understand emotions in children who benefited from the training. These findings are discussed in the broader context of using this form of play as a privileged pedagogical tool to allow children to develop these competences.