洛克思想的宽容与创新--纪念洛克逝世三百周年

本文从三个方面论述了洛克思想中的宽容与创新。首先,哲学与常识的融合。洛克的任务是使哲学成为常识,以代替天赋观念这一陈腐的常识。他认为,理性之所以伟大,就在于从常识中寻找根据,始终与常识一致,所以理性本质上就是一种常识的态度。其次,理性与虔敬的调和。洛克认为天赋观念说还未能把人的理性充分发挥出来,理性的充分发挥与肯定上帝的存在是相一致的。再次,机械论与经院哲学方法的混用。洛克在关于第一性和第二性的质的观念的形成以及观念与性质相似或不相似的论述中,既有机械论的方法,又有经院哲学因果观的成分。     

曹南冥图式的易学意义

与李退溪同时代的韩国学者曹南冥,依据程朱等的象数观念构建了独特的体系结构,这使他对天道与人道问题拥有了自己的见解.在天道观方面,南冥通过他的10幅图解,勾勒出一幅从宇宙演化-结构一本体追寻-内在规律(包括变化运动原因、必然性、趋势)--天人关系的图景,使理学天道观的内涵得到充分的阐示.在人道观方面,他把太极、乾道变化落实到各正性命、继善成性而立诚的过程之中,较为形象地为人类的伦理道德找到了本体论上的依据,从而弥补了当时韩国哲学研究注重义理而忽视象数的缺陷.     

The Effects of Domain Knowledge and Instructional Manipulation on Creative Idea Generation

The experiment was designed to explore the effects of domain knowledge, instructional manipulation, and the interaction between them on creative idea generation. Three groups of participants who respectively possessed the domain knowledge of biology, sports, or neither were asked to finish two tasks: imagining an extraterrestrial animal and creating a new sport. Participants in each group were randomly assigned to one of three instructions, in order to encourage them to perform the tasks using a specific instance strategy (relying on specific instances), an abstract strategy (relying on abstract principles), or their habitual ways. Based on an analysis of the participants' verbal reports and their creations, the results suggested that domain knowledge enhanced the tendency to use the abstract strategy, and improved the originality and practicality of the generated ideas. Instructions also influenced the strategy participants used in creative idea generation. The instruction to use abstract principles brought forth the most original creations. Moreover, there was an interaction between domain knowledge and instructions. Encouraging participants to use the specific instance strategy blocked the knowledgeable people from developing novel ideas. Other factors, such as age, grade and gender, were found to be unrelated to either the originality or the practicality of the creations. The implications of the results were discussed in detail.     

职业刻板印象及其影响因素研究

通过外显报告和内隐联想测验,发现在外显和内隐层面,大学生存在明显的职业刻板印象,对某些职业评价很高,有些则很低。工作岗位所在不同地域对大学生职业刻板印象产生较大影响,隐藏着加工机制的深层问题。研究结果表明,大学生就业观存在某种偏差。     

工会实践对员工工作幸福感的影响：基于工具-情感的双路径视角

日益僵化的传统管理手段、多元化的新生代员工利益诉求, 以及频发的企业劳资冲突, 导致中国基层工会在劳资关系中日趋式微, 进而陷入组织不愿投资、员工主动抛弃的双重困境。基于“工具-情感”双路径的视角和遵循“情境-认知”的逻辑框架, 为了在理论上和实证上回答“加强工会的实践效用能否给企业带来回报”这一问题, 拟通过在组织层次和个体层次测量工会实践的跨层次研究方法, 探讨工具性/情感性工会实践是否能够通过缓解劳资冲突提高员工工作幸福感这一理论问题, 并进一步研究在这一作用链上的边界条件。如此便揭示了基层工会在实现劳资双赢的实质性价值以及对员工幸福感的影响功效, 既是对管理科学“有良心研究”的伦理回应, 也是加强基层工会组织建设的重要策略。     

精加工推理中的文章结构清晰度效应

本研究旨在探讨文章结构清晰度对读者在阅读时所构建的精加工推理的水平和阶段的影响。研究采用让被试阅读后做推理测试题的方法 ,通过分析其答题成绩得出的结果表明 :文章的结构越清晰 ,越有利于读者在阅读的过程中进行精加工推理。     

发散思维的序列位置效应：创新想法动态产生机制的新视角

发散思维的序列位置效应是指随着时间的推移,单位时间内想法生成的数量逐渐降低,但想法的独创性逐渐升高的现象。联想理论和执行控制假说分别侧重对序列位置效应的个体差异和认知加工过程进行解释。神经影像学研究表明,在想法产生的整个阶段序列位置效应依赖于默认网络后部和突显网络的持续增强激活和协同合作;在想法产生的后期阶段,颞-顶区域alpha能量值以及执行控制网络与默认网络的协同模式增强。未来研究需要结合语义和神经动态分析等技术,对序列位置效应的特异性机制、动态加工机制以及影响因素进行深入探究,从而为解构创新思维的动态过程提供新的视角。     

心理神经免疫学的研究及其思路问题

回顾并分析了心理神经免疫学的研究历史和发展,指出要深入揭示行为、精神活动是如何转化为影响健康的生理状态的奥秘,需要新的研究思路并讨论了新的研究路线     

Stout,Rawls, and the Idea of Public Reason

Jeffrey Stout claims that John Rawls's idea of public reason (IPR) has contributed to a Christian backlash against liberalism. This essay argues that those whom Stout calls “antiliberal traditionalists” have misunderstood Rawls in important ways, and goes on to consider Stout's own critiques of the IPR. While Rawls's idea is often interpreted as a blanket prohibition on religious reasoning outside church and home, the essay will show that the very viability of the IPR depends upon a rich culture of deliberation in which all forms of reasoning can be put forth for consideration. This clarification addresses the perception that the IPR imposes an “asymmetrical burden” upon believers. In fact, the essay suggests that there are good reasons why believers, qua believers, might endorse the IPR.