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181.
Nicki Marquardt 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(2):128-148
This article examines the relationship between implicit mental processes and ethical decisions made by managers. Based on the dual-process view in social and cognitive psychology, it is argued that social cognition (e.g., moral judgments) can rely on two different modes of information processing. On one hand, moral judgments reflect explicit, conscious, and extensive cognitive processes, which are attributed to explicit attitude. On the other hand, moral judgments may also be based on implicit, automatic, and effortless processes referring to implicit attitude. To test this thesis, a study involving 182 participants was conducted. The results support the thesis. 相似文献
182.
Linh Nguyen Littleford 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(2):137-162
This study examined how psychotherapists address hypothetical nonsexual multiple relationships dilemmas with Asian American clients and identified predictors of conservative decisions and the use of culture-based rationales. This survey of 787 Asian American and non-Asian American psychotherapists revealed that clinicians rely on mostly their personal policies and seldom focus on the clients' cultural backgrounds. Psychotherapists who consider their clients' Asian culture have more cultural knowledge and awareness, have been mental health providers longer, and are Asian American and female. Clinicians who avoid multiple relationships tend to cite formal policies as justification and are less likely to consider clients' cultural worldviews, the therapeutic relationship, or their own values. The results are discussed in terms of specific revisions needed in the American Psychological Association Ethics Code, the benefits of more frequent consultation with colleagues and supervisors about ethical dilemmas, and recommendations for psychotherapists. 相似文献
183.
《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(3-4):71-95
ABSTRACT The predominance of chronic and lifestyle-induced conditions has emphasized the need for greater access to health care in the community. A corresponding concern is educating practitioners so they are equipped to assume positions in the community at graduation. Lack of preparation to work in the community has led to reluctance on the part of practitioners to pursue positions in the community (Walens et al., 1998). However, the current climate of health care creates many opportunities for practitioners and educators who are willing to make a commitment to work collaboratively with agencies in the community for a common good. The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding of community built practice by sharing a collaborative process in fieldwork education that was undertaken by faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago. 相似文献
184.
《Journal Of Applied School Psychology》2013,29(1):43-65
Abstract This study focused on strategies school psychologists and special education teachers report they would use to resist administrative pressures to practice unethically. Data came from a national sample of 141 school psychologists and 130 special education teachers who responded to a survey by predicting how they and others would respond to four ethical dilemmas. Qualitative analysis of data revealed four strategies that were generalized across all dilemmas. These general strategies were: preventing dilemmas from occurring; educating and/or threatening others; involving others in solutions; and combining strategies into more comprehensive responses. Qualitative analysis also revealed three strategies that were suggested for only some of the dilemmas (dilemma-specific strategies). Both the general and dilemma-specific strategies appear potentially useful to practitioners seeking ways of resisting pressures to practice unethically. 相似文献
185.
直觉决策是以决策者经验为基础的无意识的决策过程.现代战争的动态性、不确定性、复杂性和模糊性要求指挥员在战场当中要善于利用直觉进行快速决断.受到决策的双系统理论以及再认启动决策模型思想的影响,美军从20世纪80年代后期开始重视直觉决策在制定作战计划中的作用,相关研究机构积极探索培养指挥员直觉决策能力的方法,作战条令中也逐渐融入了直觉决策的理念.美军的研究发现和实践结果不仅揭示了基于经验的直觉决策过程的内在心理机制,而且对我军培养适合于未来战争的优秀指挥人才具有启示作用. 相似文献
186.
目的:探讨大学生家庭因素中父母情感温暖教养方式、文化性家庭环境与责任心对职业决策自我效能的中介效应与中介调节效应。方法:采用责任心量表、职业决策自我效能量表、父母教养方式评价量表和家庭环境量表,对大学四个年级1207名学生进行测量,运用SPSS12.0、AMOS17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:(1)父母情感温暖通过责任心对大学生职业决策自我效能具有稳定而持久的间接作用。(2)文化性作为父母情感温暖的调节变量,其与父母情感温暖的交互作用对责任心具有明显的预测作用,并通过责任心中介变量,对大学生职业决策自我效能产生稳定而持久的间接作用。 相似文献
187.
随着“全球老龄化”时代的到来, 老年人认知功能的下降引起了研究人员的广泛关注, 其中年老化对决策的影响成为了近年来的一个新关注点。风险决策和模糊决策受生理性老化和病理性老化影响的研究显示, 正常老化个体模糊决策能力受损, 但其风险决策能力受老化影响较小; 而病理性老化个体, 以阿尔兹海默症患者为例, 在两类决策行为上均表现出损伤; 此外, 脑神经机制的研究发现在完成决策任务时正常年老化个体纹状体激活模式与年轻人存在显著差异, 病理性老化个体杏仁核与腹内侧前额叶的功能连接亦存在异常。未来的研究应同时考察并比较两类决策类型, 结合外周和中枢神经证据, 深入探讨老化对决策行为及神经环路造成影响的机制。 相似文献
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