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271.
当前新技术、人机交互的新特征、社会和人的新需求给中国人因学(Human Factors)的进一步发展创造了一个有利时机。本文首先讨论和分析了一些具有代表性的开拓了人因学科研究深度和广度的新技术和新途径, 包括神经人因学, 认知工程, 协同认知系统, 社会技术系统; 以及人因学科应用中的一些挑战和策略。然后, 就进一步发展我国的人因学科, 本文提出首先要解决的问题是建立多学科交叉的人因学科的科研教育体制, 并在此基础上, 注重理论创新, 以创新设计为突破点, 在智能系统、用户体验、航天航空和医疗健康等领域中优先发展和应用。当前迫切需要解决的是, 建立完善的人因学科高校教育体系, 建立完善的人因学科多学科交叉的科研体系, 以及建立人因学科行业资质标准和设计标准体系。 相似文献
272.
NI Peimin 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2018,13(2):240
Responding to comments of my recent book, Understanding the Analects of Confucius, by Huang Yong, Fan Ruiping, and Wang Qingjie, this paper looks to highlight one of its major features—that it is a contemporary continuation of the Chinese tradition of doing commentary both as a way of allowing classic texts to unfold their rich meanings in the context of different times, and as a way for the commentator to express his or her own views. It strives to explain how a gongfu reconstruction of Confucianism can explain the apparent inconsistency between advocating rule-like instructions next to its encouragement of the art of flexibility, and to reveal what is more fundamental about Confucianism—rather than a system of rigid moral rules, it is an art of life. This gongfu interpretation would lead to the view that Confucianism does not depend on metaphysical truths as its justification, although it does need to hold metaphysical views as a way of affirming its values, which are justified through the excellence of life to which they lead. While the gongfu approach more accurately reflects Confucius’ own philosophical orientation, and it is therefore used to determine technical details such as what interpretations to put into translation of a text and what interpretations to list in the annotations as alternatives, it is, in the author’s humble view, also a unique contribution that the Chinese tradition can offer to world philosophy. 相似文献
273.
Larena Hoeber 《Sex roles》2008,58(1-2):58-71
Although gender equity for athletes is a frequently researched topic, it is often assumed that understandings of gender equity
are unitary and shared, which may complicate the implementation of it. The purpose of this study was to understand and critique
the meanings of gender equity for athletes through in-depth interviews with 5 administrators, 6 coaches, and 17 athletes at
1 Canadian university athletic department. These data were coded and categorized using Atlas.ti. The findings revealed multiple
but narrow meanings of gender equity: (a) equality, (b) conditional equality, and (c) a women’s only issue. None of these
challenged the taken for granted assumptions associated with university athletics; however, they illustrated the complexities
and struggles involved in understanding this organizational value. 相似文献
274.
5·12地震灾后四川和北京大学生价值观类型的对比 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
价值观作为社会意识形态的反映,会受到重大社会事件的影响。5·12汶川大地震以其突发性和巨大的破坏性特征成为影响价值观的可能因素之一。该研究以青年大学生为对象,以“价值观类型量表”为工具,关注地震后大学生价值观的变化特点,并对比北京、四川两地大学生价值观特点的异同。结果发现:1)灾后北京和四川两地大学生的价值观整体排住从高到低依次是:社会型、实用型、信仰型、科学型、政治型、审美型。2)社会型价值观已经成为大学生的主导价值观,且四川大学生更为重视。3)北京和四川大学生在震后的价值观系统均包含四个层次,其中在北京大学生的价值系统中,社会型是第一层次,实用型是第二层次,信仰型是第三层次,审美型、政治型和科学型合并为第四层次;而在四川大学生的价值系统中,社会型是第一层次,实用型和信仰型合并为第二层次,科学型是第三层次,政治型和审美型合并为第四层次。 相似文献
275.
道德生活史是一个国家和民族道德生活的历史叙述和再现,是以不同时期的道德生活为研究对象并力图揭示其发生发展线索的集描述性伦理学与规范性伦理学为一体的学科。道德生活史的研究因道德生活的本质特点决定了它有自己独特的研究视阈和原则要求。道德生活史的研究既是一种实证性的描述研究,同时又是一种规范性的价值研究,必须超越自然主义和超验主义的研究立场,而将自然主义与超验主义作一有机的整合,必须既联系伦理思想来进行研究但是又不能局限于伦理思想的研究,必须坚持事实与价值相统一、一元与多元相统一以及内容与形式相统一的研究原则。 相似文献
276.
Fabrice Jotterand 《Nanoethics》2008,2(1):15-23
With the rapid progress and considerable promise of nanobiotechnology/neurosciences there is the potential of transforming
the very nature of human beings and of how humans can conceive of themselves as rational animals through technological innovations.
The interface between humans and machines (neuro-digital interface), can potentially alter what it means to be human, i.e.,
the very idea of human nature and of normal functioning will be changed. In this paper, I argue that we are potentially on
the verge of a paradigm shift in terms of the ends and goals of techno-science and its applications in the biomedical sciences.
In particular, the development of brain-computer interfaces could reconceptualize the very notion of what it means to be human.
Hence, we should not limit our reflections of applications in terms of therapy and enhancement but also include an examination
of applications aiming at the alteration of human nature. To this end I will first delineate the potential paradigm shift
and then map out four distinct clusters of concerns in relation to the brain-computer interface. Finally, I argue that our
moral and philosophical reflections should follow a procedural model based on managed consensus due to our pluralistic context.
相似文献
Fabrice JotterandEmail: |
277.
Nancy R. Howell 《Zygon》2008,43(2):493-503
Wentzel van Huyssteen's Gifford Lectures, published as Alone in the World? Human Uniqueness in Science and Theology, accomplish critical and constructive thinking about interdisciplinary reflection on science and religion and about the meaning of human uniqueness. One approach to discussion of van Huyssteen's text entails consideration of three issues: the contextual character of research on humans and animals, the difficult problem of defining uniqueness, and the important consequences of exploring human uniqueness. Evolutionary biology and primatology contribute specific scientific insights. 相似文献
278.
Marc Bekoff 《Zygon》2008,43(4):771-781
Our relationships with animals are wide‐ranging. When people tell me that they love animals and then harm or kill them I tell them I'm glad they don't love me. Many individuals, including scientists, ignore their responsibility when they interact with animals and fail to recognize that doing something in the name of science, which usually means in the name of humans, is not an adequate reason for intentionally causing suffering, pain, or death. “Good welfare” usually is not “good enough”. Existing regulations allow animals to be treated in regrettable ways that demean us as a species. Compassion is the key for bettering both animal and human lives. A good way to make the world a more compassionate place for animals is to increase our compassion footprint. We could begin by deciding that we will not intrude on animals' lives unless our actions are in the best interests of the animals irrespective of our desires. It is simple to make more compassionate choices about what we eat and wear and how we educate students, conduct research, and entertain ourselves at the expense of animals. The time to make these changes is long overdue. 相似文献
279.
280.
In this study, the comprehensive value research by Schwartz (e.g. 1992) was linked to Fiske's relational models theory (RMT, e.g. Fiske, 1991). A sample of 297 people answered the personal values questionnaire (PVQ), the modes of relationship questionnaire (MORQ) and the relationship profile scale (RPS) in a web‐based online survey. As hypothesized, the set of 10 values correlated in a systematic manner—according to the circular structure of personal value systems—with both trait‐like construal of and motivational investment in the relational models communal sharing (CS), authority ranking (AR) and market pricing (MP). Further research concerning a person–environment value congruency approach to predict well‐being is suggested combining the two research traditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献