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981.
982.
人类辅助生殖技术中的诊疗策略及伦理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
人类辅助生殖技术是医学领域的一门新兴学科,随着此项技术的逐步成熟,也伴随着出现了各种诊疗及伦理问题。探讨对不孕症夫妇诊疗过程中的心理关怀与策略、人类辅助生殖技术治疗过程中的诊疗策略及其引起的伦理及相关法律等问题,认为在实施此项技术的过程中需要更规范、合理和人性化的诊疗策略。 相似文献
983.
贫困妇女人群中HIV新发感染不成比例上升的现象揭示了社会中的性别不公正,通过美国和肯尼亚的案例说明,预防艾滋病需要认可和促进妇女的人权,减少针对妇女的暴力,并保障妇女的教育,普及艾滋病相关知识.对女性主义进行了重新阐释,并以南非"和平与和解"运动为例指明了新的前进方向. 相似文献
984.
Psychological mechanisms in the maintenance of insomnia: arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to examine whether arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs are related to the maintenance of insomnia. From a randomly selected sample from the general population (n=3600), 1936 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey. Logistic regressions were used to investigate whether arousal, distress, and beliefs were related to sleep status (insomnia: n=116; poor sleep: n=222; normal sleep: n=529; good sleep: n=234) over 1 year. Cluster analysis was employed to assess whether it was possible to classify the participants based on their profiles of psychological functioning. The results showed that beliefs in the long-term negative consequences of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and arousal were significantly related to the maintenance of insomnia (18-72% of the variance). Of the individuals with persistent insomnia, 91% belonged to a cluster characterized by high scores on sleep-related beliefs, anxiety, depression, and arousal, and 9% to a cluster defined by low scores on the mechanisms. This study shows that sleep-related beliefs, anxiety, depression, and arousal are related to the maintenance of persistent insomnia, but also that these mechanisms often co-occur in individuals with insomnia. 相似文献
985.
Research suggests that people use various strategies to control their normally occurring intrusive thoughts. Strategies that involve worrying about the thought and self punishment appear to be associated with certain forms of psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. The present study sought to examine whether dysfunctional beliefs associated with OC symptoms (e.g., beliefs that intrusive thoughts are highly significant) underlie the use of such thought control strategies. Ninety-three non-clinical participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring cognitive variables, thought-control strategies, and OC symptoms. Analyses revealed that overestimates of threat and responsibility, beliefs about the significance and need to control intrusions, the need for perfection and certainty, and scrupulosity were associated with the use of punishment, but not worry thought control strategies. These cognitive phenomena also mediated the relationship between OC symptoms and the use of punishment as a thought-control strategy. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive models of OC symptoms and their implications for cognitive-behavioral therapy. 相似文献
986.
Ion C. Baianu 《Axiomathes》2007,17(3-4):209-222
An overview of the following three related papers in this issue presents the Emergence of Highly Complex Systems such as living
organisms, man, society and the human mind from the viewpoint of the current Ontological Theory of Levels. The ontology of
spacetime structures in the Universe is discussed beginning with the quantum level; then, the striking emergence of the higher
levels of reality is examined from a categorical—relational and logical viewpoint. The ontological problems and methodology
aspects discussed in the first two papers are followed by a rigorous paper based on Category Theory, Algebraic Topology and
Logic that provides a conceptual and mathematical basis for a Categorical Ontology Theory of Levels. The essential links and
relationships between the following three papers of this issue are pointed out, and further possible developments are being
considered. 相似文献
987.
同伴拒绝、同伴接纳与农村留守儿童的心理适应:亲子亲合与逆境信念的作用* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以424名农村儿童为被试,基于留守儿童和非留守儿童之间的比较,在同伴关系的背景下探讨了亲子亲合与个体逆境信念对儿童攻击、学业违纪与孤独感的作用。结果表明:(1)同伴拒绝能显著增加儿童的攻击、学业违纪与孤独感,同伴接纳则显著降低儿童的学业违纪与孤独感,亲子亲合、积极的逆境信念能够显著降低儿童的孤独感;(2)亲子亲合对同伴拒绝与儿童攻击、学业违纪之间关系的调节效应在双亲外出儿童与非留守儿童群体中存在差异:高亲合条件下,同伴拒绝与非留守儿童的攻击、学业违纪之间存在显著关联,但是在双亲外出儿童中,这些关联不再显著;(3)亲子亲合能够调节同伴接纳与儿童孤独感之间的关系:在低亲合条件下,同伴接纳能够显著降低儿童的孤独感,但是二者在高亲合条件下不再存在关联。结果提示,农村留守儿童与父母间的紧密情感联结对于促进其心理适应具有保护作用,同伴接纳对儿童的亲情缺失具有补偿作用。 相似文献
988.
张世英 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(1):143-155
Early in Aristotle’s terminology, and ever since, “essence” has been conceived as having two meanings, namely “universality”
and “individuality”. According to the tradition of thought that has dominated throughout the history of Western philosophy,
“essence” unequivocally refers to “universality”. As a matter of fact, however, “universality” cannot cover Aristotle’s definition
and formulation of “essence”: Essence is what makes a thing “happen to be this thing.” “Individuality” should be the deep
meaning of “essence”. By means of an analysis of some relevant Western thoughts and a review of cultural realities, it can
be concluded that the difference between the attitudes toward things of the natural sciences and the humane sciences mainly
lies in the fact that the former focus on the pursuit of universal regularity, whereas the latter go after the value and significance
of human life. The movement from natural things to cultural things is a process in which essence shifts from universality
to individuality. It is the author’s contention that what should be stressed in the fields of human culture and society is
the construction of an ideal society that is “harmonious yet not identical”, on the basis of respecting and developing individual
peculiarity and otherness.
Translated by Zhang Lin from Beijing daxue xuebao 北京大学学报 (Journal of Peking University), 2007, (11): 23–29 相似文献
989.
Wendy C. Gamble Allison R. Ewing Mari S. Wilhlem 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):70-82
Investigators argue that it is essential to consider why parents select non-parental child care arrangements in studying the
effects of that care on a child’s development. Existing investigations explore family economic and demographic characteristics
as determinants of child care choice. The present investigation examined a wide array of parents’ beliefs about characteristics
of child care arrangements with the goal of determining if these could be reduced to coherent dimensions. The emergent belief
sets were examined in relation to maternal and child characteristics as potential correlates. Two hundred and twenty respondents
with children in non-parental care completed surveys. These individuals represent diverse ethnic and economic groups. Ratings
of the importance of characteristics were factor analyzed resulting in a six factor solution: Practical Concerns, Institutional Structure, Curriculum, Scheduling, Child Centered Orientation and School Readiness. The latter factor, or program components promoting social skills and classroom behaviors associated with succeeding in school,
was identified as the most important dimension. Parents describing their children as more difficult temperamentally and as
less developmentally advanced tended to describe school readiness and curriculum issues as less important. Child characteristics
accounted for unique variance above and beyond mothers’ characteristics in predicting to parental beliefs. Results suggest
that parents as consumers possess coherent belief sets and are sensitive to children’s developmental needs in evaluating care
arrangements. 相似文献
990.