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61.
Arthur C. Bohart 《Journal of Psychotherapy Integration》2000,10(2):127-149
I first briefly review the dodo bird verdict and suggest that we should be responding to it by looking for a new way to conceptualize how therapy works. Then I describe the dominant medical or treatment model of psychotherapy and how it puts the client in the position of a dependent variable who is operated on by supposedly potent therapeutic techniques. Next I argue that the data do not fit with this model. An alternative model is that the client is the most important common factor and that it is clients' self-healing capacities which make therapy work. I then argue that therapy has two phases—the involvement phase and the learning phase—and that the involvement phase is the most important. I next review the five learning opportunities provided by therapy. Finally, I argue that a relational model of therapy focused on consultation, collaboration, and dialogue is better than a treatment model. 相似文献
62.
Although Yalom's (1995) framework of the therapeutic factors facilitating outcome in group has been accepted by group specialists, no empirically based instrument assesses all of these factors. The Therapeutic Factors Inventory (TFI), with 11 scales based on the therapeutic factors, has been designed to fill this gap. This article summarizes the development and preliminary reliability testing of the TFI. Each scale of the instrument demonstrated high internal consistency; however, one scale obtained unacceptably low test-retest reliability. Further validity testing is needed. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
63.
对伪医学现象的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李冬华 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2000,21(7):19-20
伪医学是当今社会的普遍现象,给社会、家庭造成极大损失和危害。分析伪医学的滋生背景,并提出加强自身建设,加大科普宣传和媒体管理等扫除伪医学现象的对策。 相似文献
64.
The common factors debate in psychology and, more recently, marriage and family therapy is slow to erupt in pastoral care
and counselling. This article introduces the common factors debate into pastoral science by proposing the Stewardship Models
of Pastoral Ministry and Supervision. The model integrates common factors research and pastoral practice using Ricoeur’s “economy
of the gift” ethic. The model’s focus is pastoral care, counselling and supervision in congregations, a unique community context
in search of an adequate pastoral praxis. 相似文献
65.
Not only do the writings of Nietzsche – early and late – fail to support the pedagogy of self-reformulation, this doctrine
embodies what for him is worst in man and would destroy that which is higher. The pedagogy of self-reformulation is also incoherent.
In contrast, Nietzsche offers a fruitful and comprehensive theory of education that, while non-democratic and contemptuous
of egalitarian aspirations, emerges consistently from his metaphysics and philosophical anthropology. Whatever, then, we might
think of his premises, Nietzsche’s philosophy of education represents an attractive model for those who would develop a meaningful,
distinctive, and persuasive educational theory. It defines a domain of the possible and then straightforwardly states what
is and is not to be done within it – and why. 相似文献
66.
Farrington DP 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2005,33(4):489-497
In commenting on the five articles in this special issue, this paper discusses (1) the concept of child and adolescent psychopathy, and whether adolescent psychopaths are qualitatively distinct from other young people; (2) the measurement of adolescent psychopathy; (3) the relationship between psychopathy and other personality dimensions; (4) childhood risk factors for psychopathy; (5) psychopathy in the context of risk factors for delinquency; and (6) the prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathy. It is argued that the three dimensions of an arrogant, deceitful interpersonal style, deficient affective experience, and an impulsive or irresponsible behavioral style are most important at present in the definition of psychopathy. An ambitious research agenda is recommended, investigating the concept of adolescent psychopathy, developing new measures, conducting new longitudinal studies on development and risk factors, and mounting new randomized experiments on prevention and treatment. 相似文献
67.
Developmental trajectories of peer-nominated aggression, risk factors at baseline, and outcomes were studied. Peer nominations of aggression were obtained annually from grades 1 to 3. Three developmental trajectories were identified: an early-onset/increasers trajectory with high levels of peer-nominated aggression at elementary school entry and increasing levels throughout follow-up; a moderate-persistent trajectory of aggression in which children were characterized by moderate levels of physical aggression at baseline; and a third trajectory with stable low levels of aggression. Children following the early-onset/increasers trajectory showed physical forms of aggression at baseline. Male gender and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems and poor prosocial behavior plus negative life events predicted which children would follow the early-onset/increasers trajectory of aggression. The outcomes associated with the early-onset/increaser children suggest high risk for chronically high levels of aggressive behavior. 相似文献
68.
The paper proposes an analysis and a formalisation of factor-based reasoning. After examining the relevance of factors in
legal reasoning, binary and scalable factors (dimensions) are distinguished and the relations between them are discussed.
An account of a fortiori reasoning with both types of factors is developed.
This article reports ideas which are discussed and developed in Sartor (2005). We refer to the latter work for the theoretical
framework in which our analysis of factors is embedded. 相似文献
69.
Simonson L 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):655-658
This paper describes how the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
has chosen to integrate ethics into their curriculum. All university freshmen engineering students are introduced to ethics
through the presentation of ethical dilemmas. During this exercise, students are forced to argue both sides (‘for’ and ‘against’)
of a hypothetical ethical engineering dilemma. It provides a setting for great discussion with the desired outcome that they
learn to carefully analyze a situation before they draw conclusions. In the sophomore year, students are introduced to methods
to use the fundamental principles, the fundamental canons, and the suggested guidelines for use with the fundamental canons
of ethics when analyzing appropriate action to be taken when confronted with ethical dilemmas. We currently use the ‘sophomore’
method for seniors because the sequencing is just beginning. Next year the seniors will do more indepth analysis of ethical
case studies.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting, Association for Practical and Professional
Ethics, February 24–27, 2005. 相似文献
70.
Nanotechnology — A new field of ethical inquiry? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Grunwald A 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(2):187-201
Parallel to the public discussion on the benefits and risks of nanotechnology, a debate on the ethics of nanotechnology has
begun. It has been postulated that a new “nano-ethics” is necessary. In this debate, the — positive as well as negative —
visionary and speculative innovations which are brought into connection with nanotechnology stand in the foreground. In this
contribution, an attempt is made to discover new ethical aspects of nanotechnology in a more systematic manner than has been
the case. It turns out that there are hardly any completely new ethical aspects raised by nanotechnology. It is much rather
primarily a case of gradual shifts of emphasis and of relevance in questions which, in principle, are already known and which
give reason for ethical discussions on nanotechnology. In a certain manner, structurally novel ethical aspects arise through
the important role played by visions in the public discourse. New questions are also posed by the fact that previously separate
lines of ethical reflection converge in the field of nanotechnology. The proposal of an independent “nano-ethics”, however,
seems exaggerated. 相似文献