脑死亡立法的若干法律问题探讨

因为关系到基本人权,脑死亡立法应当由全国人民代表大会立法通过。制定科学的脑死亡标准和严谨的脑死亡判定程序是保障其接近正义的必需。在脑死亡判定方面应充分地保障患者生命权、自主选择权,尊重患者以及家属的知情同意权,保障患者的基本权利是脑死亡立法的核心所在。器官移植不是脑死亡立法的理由。     

心理学研究中人的命运与文化的命运

目的:通过追踪文化研究历史,探究对当今文化心理学研究的启示意义。方法:整理和回顾心理学史上关于文化的研究及文献,并对各阶段的文化研究进行评述。结果:文化在心理学史上经历了坎坷多桀的命运,文化在各阶段的不同遭遇与研究者们对人的本质的认识密切相关。结论:对人的本质的正确理解是当今文化心理学健康发展的前提。     

我国医疗技术人体试验立法的若干思考

我国的医疗技术管理立法处于起步阶段。从比较法的角度,提出了我国医疗技术人体试验立法的建议：构建伦理审查委员会审查与行政机关许可的双审制度;国家适度干预伦理审查委员会的设置;主管机关设置与非主管机关设置、外审型与内审型伦理审查委员会建设并行;构建多方位监管模式。     

荀子的经济制度伦理思想及其现代价值

当前学界对于荀子经济制度伦理思想的研究十分少见。荀子的经济制度及其制度伦理蕴涵源于人性恶的道德起源论,义利辩证统一的义利观、“欲”、“物”“相持而长”的可持续发展观和朴素的分配正义观念是其经济制度伦理思想的主体内涵,它对于当前我国的伦理经济和市场经济体制建设主要在“义利两有”、“以义制利”的制度伦理导向可以促进“经济人”和“道德人”的有效统一,保障市场经济秩序的稳定和谐与可持续性发展,以及树立分配正义观念,促进制度创新,提高制度运作效率等方面有一定的启示意义。     

人权视野下的个人健康权与选择权

从人权的角度看,个人健康权也是一种个人选择权,因为健康本来就是属于个人的。个人健康选择权在属性上,属于一种消极性、否定性和自由性的权利。个人健康选择权主要包括健康生活方式、治疗方式、保健方式、健康状态（水平）、健康隐私以及医疗保障组织选择。农村新型合作医疗是带有合作组织的性质的一种组织,它的推行,应当充分尊重农民自愿参加的选择权,不宜按照某个计划目标推行。     

复发性阿弗他溃疡的发生与人类疱疹病毒的潜伏

复发性阿弗他溃疡（RAU）是口腔常见病,至今病因不明,治疗效果不佳,降低患者生存质量。本文对近17年复发性阿弗他溃疡与人类疱疹病毒的相关研究结果进行分析解剖,推测β型疱疹病毒的潜伏与复制的过程可能是RAU的重要发病机制之一。     

AIDS‐NGOs and political participation: Brazilian and Canadian experiences

Non‐governmental organizations (AIDS‐NGO) are an instrument of political pressure and assistance, often serving as a life reconstruction aid for people living with HIV/AIDS. In this case study, we analyze data from historical documents, in‐depth interviews, and questionnaires obtained from participants and community agents in two AIDS‐NGOs: one in Canada (NGO‐Ca), and another in Brazil (NGO‐Br). Despite contextual differences, both NGOs are involved in a fight against stigma and discrimination that may aggravate existing social exclusion. Variances in political participation are nevertheless evident. In NGO‐Ca, efforts are directed towards maintaining and consolidating human and social rights. In NGO‐Br, the primary goal is building these. In NGO‐Ca, the participant is part of a structured organization where he or she receives the required supports; the NGO is thus a service provider. Conversely, in NGO‐Br, the participant is both the actor and author of collectively constructed supportive actions. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this limited case study will assist in the strengthening of AIDS‐NGO organization and activity, particularly in the developing world context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Protection of Life and Human Dignity: The German Debate between Christian Norms and Secular Expectations

The German debate on bioethics and medical ethics turns on achange in the meaning of human dignity. Such dignity is increasinglyrendered contingent upon a person's empirically assessable qualityof life. In contrast to such dignity-endowed human life, a merelybiological human life is taken to disqualify its bearer fromsuch dignity, depriving his life of the protection "respectfor human dignity" would otherwise guarantee. The idea of a"life not worth living" or "undignified life" evokes categories,which were developed at the beginning of the 20th century, andlater informed the crimes of National Socialist medicine inGermany. Against this secular development, this article analysesthe theological and church-based discussion of basic bioethicalquestions in Germany, especially the controversy among Protestants:once Protestant ethicists abandon an explicitly theologicalbasis for their arguments, their conclusions come to closelyresemble those of the secular participants in the debate. Asa result, such Protestants relativize fundamental ethical norms.They subordinate, along with their secular environment, theprotection of life to respect for autonomy. They thus preparethe ground for a revival of the risky concepts of the past.     

催产素与人类社会行为

催产素被喻为爱的荷尔蒙和亲密荷尔蒙。研究者对它的兴趣由其对分娩和哺乳的促进作用转向它对人类社会行为的影响。催产素的常用研究方法包括尿液、血液、脑脊液测量法, 鼻腔喷入法和基因型分析法。催产素对人类社会行为的影响包括社会关系、社会性决策、社会性信息加工、社会性记忆、焦虑等方面。研究者正尝试将催产素应用于孤独症、社交焦虑症、抑郁症、强迫症和精神分裂症等精神疾病的临床治疗上。未来的研究应关注催产素的临床应用、负面作用和神经机制。     

Penrose's New Argument

It has been argued, by Penrose and others, that Gödel's proof of his first incompleteness theorem shows that human mathematics cannot be captured by a formal system F: the Gödel sentence G(F) of F can be proved by a (human) mathematician but is not provable in F. To this argment it has been objected that the mathematician can prove G(F) only if (s)he can prove that F is consistent, which is unlikely if F is complicated. Penrose has invented a new argument intended to avoid this objection. In the paper I try to show that Penrose's new argument is inconclusive.