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201.
本研究通过两个模拟量刑实验,具体考察了案件无关情绪和案件相关情绪对法官量刑决策的影响。结果发现案件无关情绪显著影响法官量刑。法官在悲伤情绪下所判刑期短于中性情绪,愉悦和愤怒情绪与中性情绪下刑期无显著差异。案件相关情绪显著影响法官量刑,法官同情情绪下刑期更短,厌恶和愤怒情绪下刑期更长。性别对法官量刑无显著影响,从业时间对法官量刑无显著影响。性别和从业时间对案件无关情绪和相关情绪诱发均无显著影响。 相似文献
202.
疼痛是一种受多重因素影响的复杂主观感受。临床上,疼痛测量主要依赖于患者的主观评价。然而,这种传统的疼痛测量方法具有多方面的局限。近年来,研究者借助生理记录、脑电和功能磁共振等技术,揭示疼痛的神经生理、心理机制,挖掘与疼痛相关的神经生理指标,进而构建有效、客观和精确的疼痛评价体系。在基础研究和临床实践中,这些技术有望弥补传统疼痛测量方法的不足,从而极大推动疼痛测量及其治疗等相关领域研究的发展。 相似文献
203.
Using a stratified sample of Canadian adolescents residing in Ontario (n = 2,154) time use patterns and perceptions of time pressure are explored to determine gender differences among younger (12–14 years)
and older adolescents (15–19 years). For both age groups, girls report a higher total workload of schoolwork, domestic activities
and paid employment and spend more time on personal care while boys have more free time, especially during early adolescence.
Feelings of time pressure for teens increase with age and are significantly higher for girls in both age categories. Gender
differences are less pronounced on school days when time is fairly structured, but become more consistent with traditional
gender schema on the weekend when time use is more discretionary. 相似文献
204.
This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural predictors of body dissatisfaction implicated in Western studies
extend to the prediction of physical appearance concerns among young women and adolescent girls in Southwest China. In Study
1, 408 Chinese university-age women completed measures of fatness concern (FC), facial appearance concerns (FAC), sociocultural
influence (i.e., appearance pressure, comparison, teasing), and demographics. In hierarchical regression analyses, appearance
pressure and comparison predicted both FC and FAC, independent of other factors. In Study 2, effects of appearance pressure
and comparison were replicated among middle school (n = 346) and high school (n = 563) girls. Together, findings suggest that appearance pressure and social comparison correspond with specific body image
concerns of young females in China. 相似文献
205.
The achievement level is a variable measured with error, that can be estimated by means of the Rasch model. Teacher grades
also measure the achievement level but they are expressed on a different scale. This paper proposes a method for combining
these two scores to obtain a synthetic measure of the achievement level based on the theory developed for regression with
covariate measurement error. In particular, the focus is on ordinal scaled grades, using the SIMEX method for measurement
error correction. The result is a measure comparable across subjects with smaller measurement error variance. An empirical
application illustrates the method. 相似文献
206.
The present study investigated the impact of locus of control on home mortgage loan behaviours. The results showed that participants with stronger external control were more likely to purchase a lower priced home, have a lower ratio of mortgage loan amount to the total home value, and have a shorter term of mortgage loan. Moreover, among participants who have owned a home, those not using mortgage loans showed more external control than those using mortgage loans; among participants who have not owned a home but want to buy a home, those not planning to use mortgage loans showed more external control than those planning to use mortgage loans. 相似文献
207.
为了对新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况进行客观、准确的测度,在汲取有关公共服务创新理论的基础上,结合新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况,探索构建新型农村合作医疗制度创新测度指标体系,以促进新型农村合作医疗绩效的提高。 相似文献
208.
Sean P. Cumming Ronald E. Smith Frank L. Smoll Martyn Standage Joel R. Grossbard 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2008,9(5):686-703
ObjectiveThe objective was to develop and validate an achievement goal scale for young athletes that was aligned with the 2 (mastery/ego)×2 (approach/avoidance) achievement goal framework.MethodA total of 1675 male and female athletes ranging in age from 9 to 14 years participated in the AGSYS scale development and validation phases. Items having a readability level of grade 4 (age 9) or below were written and evaluated in a series of studies to assess the reliability, factorial validity, and construct validity of the Mastery and Ego scales.DesignBoth correlational and experimental methods were used to assess reliability and validity.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated factorial validity in samples of 9–10-, 11–12-, and 13–14-year-old athletes, and the subscales correlated in a predicted fashion with one another, with other sport and academic goal orientation measures and with several other theoretically relevant variables, including coach-initiated motivational climate, competitive trait anxiety, sport enjoyment, motivation, and self-esteem. Scores also changed significantly in response to a motivational climate coach intervention.ConclusionThe Achievement Goal Scale for Youth Sports (AGSYS) appears to be a reliable and valid measure of achievement goal approach orientations in children between the ages of 9 and 14 years. We were not successful in developing corresponding avoidance goal orientation scales that were not highly correlated, raising the possibility that children do not cognitively differentiate between mastery-avoidance and ego-avoidance orientations. 相似文献
209.
Lee Anna Clark 《Psychometrika》2006,71(3):447-450
Borsboom (2006) attacks psychologists for failing to incorporate psychometric advances in their work, discusses factors that
contribute to this regrettable situation, and offers suggestions for ameliorating it. This commentary applauds Borsboom for
calling the field to task on this issue and notes additional problems in the field regarding measurement that he could add
to his critique. It also chastises Borsboom for occasionally being unnecessarily perjorative in his critique, noting that
negative rhetoric is unlikely to make converts of offenders. Finally, it exhorts psychometricians to make their work more
accessible and points to Borsboom, Mellenbergh, and Van Heerden (2003) as an excellent example of how this can be done.
I wish to thank Frank Schmidt for his help in preparing this paper. Requests for reprints should be sent to la-clark@uiowa.edu. 相似文献
210.
Carl S. Helrich 《Zygon》2006,41(3):543-566
Abstract. I present a partially historical discussion of the basis of the quantum theory in nonmathematical terms using human knowledge and consciousness as an underlying theme. I show that the philosophical position in both classical and quantum theory is the experimental and mathematical philosophy of Isaac Newton. Because almost all the systems we deal with are multicomponent, we must consider the limitations and openness imposed by thermodynamics on our claims in both classical and quantum treatments. Here the reality of measurement stands in the way of any simple picture but also provides the basis for considerations of free will. Particular care is taken with the concepts of quantum measurement, entanglement, and decoherence because of their importance in the discussion. 相似文献