公共卫生教育的发展及其与临床医学重整的困境

近代以来人类健康的改善公共卫生的作用居功至伟。1916年约翰霍普金斯大学建立了世界上第一所公共卫生学院,是公共卫生和医学机构分离的开始。尽管公共卫生的研究成果很多,公共卫生和医学在教育和实践上的分裂,削弱了公共卫生在维护大众健康中的作用,在传染病再次成为社会的威胁和医疗费用不断上涨时,因此弥补这个分裂更为重要。如今已经为此做出许多努力,但收效不大。     

Religiously or spiritually-motivated forgiveness and subsequent health and well-being among young adults: An outcome-wide analysis

ABSTRACT

This study performs an outcome-wide analysis to prospectively examine the associations of forgiveness (including forgiveness of others, self-forgiveness and divine forgiveness) with a range of psychosocial, mental, behavioral and physical health outcomes. Data from the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Growing Up Today Study (Ns ranged from 5,246 to 6,994, depending on forgiveness type and outcome) with 3 or 6 years of follow-up were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing. All models controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, prior religious service attendance, prior maternal attachment and prior values of the outcome variables. All forgiveness measures were positively associated with all psychosocial well-being outcomes, and inversely associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. There was little association between forgiveness and behavioral or physical health outcomes. Forgiveness may be understood as a good itself, and may also lead to better psychosocial well-being and mental health.     

Reconstructing and Evaluating Genetic Arguments in Judicial Decisions

Although the genetic argument is a widely used interpretative argument, what it amounts to does not seem to be altogether clear. Basic forms of the genetic argument that are distinguished are often too rough to provide an adequate basis for the evaluation of an interpretative decision. In this article I attempt to provide a more detailed analysis of the genetic argument by making use of pragma-dialectical insights. The analysis clarifies the character and the structure of different forms of the genetic argument and thus the elements that are relevant for the evaluation of the argument.* * An earlier version of this paper was presented at 21st IVR World Congress (Lund, 2003).     

Historical overview of child discipline in the United States: Implications for mental health clinicians and researchers

Discipline of children is a major topic of concern in our society. This paper places discipline in a historical perspective by briefly tracing disciplinary practices from the 1600s to the present day in the United States. Four primary trends are then delineated. These include the following: movement from strict discipline to lax discipline to mixed messages concerning discipline; determinants of discipline changing from Puritan religious beliefs to experts in fields such as psychology; the increasing role of legislative efforts focusing on children's rights; and the changing role of fathers in childrearing in general and discipline in particular. Viewed against such a historical account, implications for mental health professionals in shaping disciplinary practices are offered. These include generating data to provide needed answers and assuming an active role in setting policy.     

邵雍易学中的历史哲学

邵雍象数易学中有丰富的历史哲学思想,其中关于宇宙自然和人类社会历史发展规律的思想尤其有特色。邵雍认为,《周易》先天八卦、六十四卦圆图等所表征的卦气说,既说明了天地自然问春、夏、秋、冬四季的循环,也说明了人类社会中皇、帝、王、伯等历史发展阶段的更迭;自然界、人类社会的历史发展都体现出“阳在阴中阳逆行,阴在阳中阴逆行;阳在阳中,阴在阴中皆顺行”的阴阳消长规律,但人类社会的历史发展又不同于单纯的自然循环,在一定条件下,人类可以改变、创造自己的历史。     

地方卫生立法现状及其问题评析

以法学基本理论为指导,采用实证分析方法,利用《中国法律法规信息检索系统》等检索系统,收集我国31个省、自治区、直辖市的地方卫生法规、规章、自治条例及单行条例,并以此为样本,以地方卫生法规、规章为主线,客观回顾了我国地方卫生立法的历史发展,就地方卫生立法的现状展开调查,深入分析存在的问题。     

Stalin as a Marxist Philosopher

This article treats Stalin's contributions todialectical and historical materialism. It argues that the latterfound his theses of the `enormous' role of ideas, and of theexistence of social phenomena that do not belong either to thebasis or to the superstructure, in Georgij Plekhanov's `monism'.Nevertheless, Stalin did add some new points of his own.Furthermore, his adopting Plekhanov's monism also helps usunderstand the apparent contradiction between Stalin's emphasison non-economic and non-class factors in human history and hisrejection of `idealist' rudiments in dialectics.