非典型性:后现代医学时代一个特征--非典型肺炎流行引发的一些思考

以非典型肺炎为案例,从后现代思维的角度讨论了现代医学的一些认识论问题和非典型肺炎流行引起恐慌的认识原因;提出了超越现代医学的后现代思维策略。     

科学思维的应用与心内重症的诊治

现代科学思维方法中,最具普遍适用意义、最重要的是系统思维方法、模糊思维方法等.介绍尝试将系统思维方法和模糊思维方法在心脏内科重症监护病房常见病诊治中应用的一些体会.     

Optimism across cultures: In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak

Based on our early research, we predicted that the Chinese may be more optimistic and less pessimistic than North Americans in response to negative life events. A survey was conducted to investigate optimism cross culturally in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in Canada and China. Chinese students in Beijing and European Canadians in Toronto answered questions about their perceptions of SARS. No significant cultural difference was found on dispositional optimism, as measured by the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Unrealistic optimism was measured in the context of SARS. Both groups demonstrated unrealistic optimism (i.e. reporting that the self was less likely than an average person to get infected with SARS). Such optimistic bias was stronger among Chinese than among Canadians. Compared to the actual infection rates in Beijing and Toronto, both Chinese and Canadian participants overestimated their own chances of getting infected, indicating that they were being pessimistic. Indeed, Chinese were less pessimistic than Canadians. In addition, even though the Chinese reported more inconvenience brought by SARS than did Canadians, they also reported more positive changes brought by SARS, reflecting the Chinese dialectical views of events. Implications for research on optimism in context are discussed.     

The psychology behind the masks: Psychological responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in different regions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first reported in China, and spread to 29 regions, affecting over 8000 people worldwide. For the general public, the psychological impact of SARS may have been greater than the physical health danger of the disease. The present paper proposes the influence of psychological factors on people's cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses during the SARS outbreak. The various papers in this special issue of the Journal reveal how people have reacted during the SARS outbreak: People's general coping styles may be related to their health behavior during the outbreak. Cultural differences were evident in the perception of SARS, and individuals' perceptual styles may have influenced their ability to cope with the outbreak. The way in which individuals coped with SARS-related stressful events was different from their usual practices of managing daily stress. Individual differences in the adoption of preventive measures were related to the distinct susceptibility to several social-cognitive biases.     

关于自我改变的心理研究

本文总结和概括了关于自我改变研究的理论成果,分析了自我改变的努力容易失败的原因,揭示了人们对自我改变失败的认知取向,以及在很可能会再度失败的情况下启动自我改变的新一轮行动的心理机制。     

代谢综合征：动脉粥样硬化危险因素的聚集

代谢综合征是动脉粥样硬化危险因素的聚集状态,包括肥胖、高血压、血糖异常、血脂紊乱等,共同的病理基础是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。高胰岛素血症、脂肪因子、高血糖、血脂异常和高血压导致内皮细胞损伤和血管炎症,促进动脉粥样硬化发展。提高对代谢综合征的认识有助于从整体观念出发防治肥胖带来的相关疾病。     

体检人员血尿酸与代谢综合征组分的关系

为观察血尿酸与代谢综合征（MS）及其各组分的相关性,随机检测MS,调查人群血尿酸（SUA）水平865份。结果显示：体检的865名人员的高尿酸血症患病率为6．6%,男性为10．4％,女性为3．2％。与正常血尿酸组比较,高血尿酸组的BMI、BP、FPG和血脂谱均升高（P均〈0．05）;研究对象的SUA水平与MS的危险因素呈显著相关,其中与腰围、SBP、DBP、TG、FPG、HOM-IR呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关;随着代谢异常数目的增加,SUA水平呈上升趋势;多元Logistic回归高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。提示SUA水平与MS的危险因素密切相关;高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。     

不同程度尿蛋白患者血清甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义

探讨不同程度蛋白尿患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。66例不同程度蛋白尿患者,肾病综合征组28例,非肾病综合征组38例,健康对照组60例。发现蛋白尿水平与甲状腺激素水平尤其是FT3水平关系密切。在肾病综合征患者,主要表现为FT3显著降低,提示肾病综合征是正常甲状腺病态综合征的一种。     

从系统论视角看全身炎症反应综合征

全身炎症反应综合征已经成为当前危重病医学所面临重大挑战。本文从系统论的角度出发,通过阐述全身炎症反应综合征的发病机制、病理过程及治疗进展,浅谈系统论在全身炎症反应综合征基础研究和临床治疗中的指导作用。     

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征药物治疗规范化分析

回顾性分析我院收治的129例非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者的临床资料。对比在非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征诊治上与最新指南的差距,找出改进措施。结果表明我院的临床实践与最新指南存在较大差距,在强化抗栓,调脂治疗,B受体阻滞剂及血管紧张素转换酶抑制荆类药物使用上均有待提高。今后应采取更加积极的措施,规范用药,以达到更好的预后和转归效果。