家长参与在家庭社会经济地位和高中生学习品质之间的中介作用——师生关系的调节作用

为了考察在中国背景下,家长参与在家庭社会经济地位与高中生学习品质之间的中介作用,以及师生关系对上述中介效应的调节。以东部某省13442名高中二年级学生为被试,采用家长的受教育程度、家长的职业以及家庭拥有物三个指标测量家庭社会经济地位。采用家长参与子女学习和家长参与子女日常生活两个指标测试家长参与度。采用学习兴趣、学习自信心、学习策略、自主学习能力、学习习惯五个分指标测量学生的学习品质。采用师生关系量表测量师生关系。结果表明：（1）家庭社会经济地位可以正向显著预测高中生的学习品质;（2）家长参与在家庭社会经济地位与高中生学习品质之间起完全中介作用;（3）家庭社会经济地位经由家长参与影响高中生学习品质的中介作用受到师生关系的调节;（4）因家庭社会经济地位不同造成的学生学习品质的差异,在一定程度上会受到师生关系的弥补作用。     

父母教养方式对高中生学习投入的影响:一个链式中介效应模型

在积极心理学视角下,采用整群取样法抽取河南省郑州、开封、许昌、平顶山四市各一所省示范性高中的高一和高二学生共1128名,使用父母教养方式问卷、学习投入量表、心理控制源量表和心理韧性量表进行问卷调查,探讨父母教养方式对高中生学习投入的影响,着力考察心理控制源和心理韧性在其中的链式中介效应。结果表明：父母积极和消极教养方式分别正向和负向预测高中生的学习投入;父母积极和消极的教养方式均通过心理控制源和心理韧性的中介作用对高中生学习投入产生影响,且该中介作用包含了三条路径：心理控制源的单独中介效应,心理韧性的单独中介效应,以及心理控制源-心理韧性的链式中介效应。     

Enhancing School Engagement in At-Risk,Urban Minority Adolescents Through a School-Based,Adult Mentoring Intervention

ABSTRACT

The current study investigated whether a 5-month, adult mentoring intervention delivered by school personnel could enhance the school engagement of ninth grade urban minority adolescents. Compared to 20 at-risk students who did not receive an intervention, 20 at-risk students who were randomly assigned to mentoring exhibited significantly less decline during the first year of high school in perceived teacher support and decision making and were less likely to enter the discipline system. The effects were stronger and included sense of school belonging for participants who were “mentored as intended.” Moreover, mentee and mentor reports of relationship quality were associated with changes in mentored participants' school-related cognitions and behaviors. The findings indicate that adult mentoring may help to prevent normative declines in urban minority youths' school engagement.     

How to handle missing data: A comparison of different approaches

Many researchers face the problem of missing data in longitudinal research. Especially, high risk samples are characterized by missing data which can complicate analyses and the interpretation of results. In the current study, our aim was to find the most optimal and best method to deal with the missing data in a specific study with many missing data on the outcome variable. Therefore, different techniques to handle missing data were evaluated, and a solution to efficiently handle substantial amounts of missing data was provided. A simulation study was conducted to determine the most optimal method to deal with the missing data. Results revealed that multiple imputation (MI) using predictive mean matching was the most optimal method with respect to lowest bias and the smallest confidence interval (CI) while maintaining power. Listwise deletion and last observation carried backward also scored acceptable with respect to bias; however, CIs were much larger and sample size almost halved using these methods. Longitudinal research in high risk samples could benefit from using MI in future research to handle missing data. The paper ends with a checklist for handling missing data.     

On the ultra-high-strain rate shock deformation in copper single crystals: multiscale dislocation dynamics simulations

Multiscale dislocation dynamics plasticity (MDDP) calculations are carried out to simulate the mechanical response of copper single crystals that have undergone shock loading at high strain rates ranging from 1?×?10⁶ to 1?×?10¹⁰?s^?1. Plasticity mechanisms associated with both the activation of pre-existing dislocation sources and homogeneous nucleation of glide loops are considered. Our results show that there is a threshold strain rate of 10⁸?s^?1 at which the deformation mechanism changes from source activation to homogeneous nucleation. It is also illustrated that the pressure dependence on strain rate follows a one-fourth power law up to 10⁸?s^?1 beyond which the relationship assumes a one-half power law. The MDDP computations are in good agreement with recent experimental findings and compare well with the predictions of several dislocation-based continuum models.     

Deformation and failure of a heterogeneous high explosive

The deformation and failure of the pristine PBX 9501 high explosive are studied experimentally by combining Brazilian disk compression with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The Brazilian disk specimen was loaded by a pair of compressive forces across the diameter. The full-field deformation on the surface of the disk, during the loading process, was obtained using DIC on a series of random speckle images acquired during the test. In this series of experiments, we focused on the effect of temperature while keeping the loading speed quasi-static. Tests were conducted under three different temperatures, ?15°C, 23°C, and 50°C. For all testing conditions, it was observed that as the applied load reaches maximum, localized deformation starts at the two regions near the loading points. The localized deformation then proceeds along an irregular path toward the center of the specimen and coalesces. Finally, deformation of the Brazilian disk subjected to cyclic compressive load at ambient temperature was also measured and studied.     

High magnetic field induction of the formation of twinned dendrites during directional solidification of Al–4.5wt%Cu alloy

It is reported that the application of a high magnetic field is capable of inducing the formation of twinned dendrites during directional solidification of Al–4.5wt%Cu alloy. Numerical results reveal that a unidirectional thermoelectric magnetic force acts on tilted dendrites during directional solidification under a magnetic field. This force should be responsible for the formation of twinned dendrites. The work may initiate a new method for inducing twinned dendrites in Al-based alloys via an applied high magnetic field during directional solidification.     

高中生的个人规划与抑郁的关系：性别的调节作用

以1261名高一和高三青少年为被试,采用个人规划问卷和抑郁量表,考察了高中生对未来教育、职业和婚姻/家庭领域的个人规划(探索和投入)与抑郁之间的关系,以及性别在其中的调节作用。研究发现:(1)高中生的个人规划对抑郁的预测具有领域特殊性:教育探索和投入可以显著负向预测抑郁,婚姻/家庭探索显著正向预测抑郁、婚姻/家庭投入显著负向预测抑郁,职业探索和投入均不能预测抑郁;(2)性别能调节婚姻/家庭探索与抑郁之间的关系:女生对婚姻/家庭的探索水平越高,其抑郁水平越高,男生对婚姻/家庭的探索则不能预测其抑郁。     

Description and Formative Evaluation of the Kentucky IMPACT Program for Children with Serious Emotional Disturbance

The Kentucky IMPACT Program is described and formative evaluation results are reported. This information suggests that the Program has value for children and youth with serious emotional and behavioral disorders.