决策中的过程追踪技术:介绍与展望

在过去50年的决策研究中,随着对核心问题的深入探索和信息技术的发展,决策过程信息得到了越来越多的重视.过程研究技术主要包括鼠标实验室技术、眼动技术及新提出的决策移窗技术.鼠标实验室技术和眼动技术已被用于解决多种决策问题.决策移窗技术结合了前两种技术的优势,其适用范围需在日后研究中进行更多探索.在未来的研究中,多种技术的结合使用将有助于回避单一技术的缺陷,分离研究方法对于被试行为的影响,提高研究效度.     

创新期望差距与团队突破性创新：自我调节理论视角

本研究以自我调节理论为基础, 探讨团队领导的创新期望差距推进团队突破性创新的过程。根据实验结果以及一项多时点、多来源的问卷调查发现: 创新期望差距对领导创新投入产生U型影响; 领导创新投入中介创新期望差距与团队突破性创新之间的U型关系; 知觉资质过剩和组织晋升标准共同调节创新期望差距通过领导创新投入对团队突破性创新的影响, 具体地, 当领导知觉资质过剩高且组织实行相对晋升标准时, 创新期望差距通过领导创新投入对团队突破性创新施加更强影响。     

A Primer on Psychotherapy Process Research: A Review of Cognitive Therapy of Depression

Researchers conducting psychotherapy process research aim to understand the process by which efficacious psychotherapies achieve therapeutic benefits. A key challenge in this research is how to maximise what can be learned from naturalistic longitudinal data. We provide a selective overview of research examining the process of change in cognitive therapy of depression. While the efficacy of this treatment is widely recognised, a consensus regarding how the treatment reduces depressive symptoms and provides protection from relapse and recurrence has yet to be reached. We review the current state of the research addressing the process of change in cognitive therapy, highlighting how specific methodological features can be used to better understand the process by which this treatment achieves its effects. We highlight the importance of two key challenges to making causal inferences from a process–outcome relation: (a) establishing the temporal precedence of predictors to outcome variables, and (b) evaluating whether any relations identified could be spurious. We argue that methodologically rigorous studies tend to support key claims of the model underlying cognitive therapy of depression. We conclude by considering future directions. For example, we highlight the importance of efforts to understand patient characteristics that may moderate process–outcome relations and could ultimately prove useful in tailoring treatment to best suit individual patients.     

子团队:形成、类型、中间过程及影响

子团队是指在团队断裂带作用下而形成的一种集合体,它是对团队多样化深入探讨后所产生的结果,并已经逐渐成为团队研究的热点。从子团队的定义出发,对子团队的形成基础、类型、作用于绩效的过程变量、对团队结果的影响以及伴随这些环节的调节因素进行论述,并在此基础之上建构了子团队研究框架图。最后提出未来的研究应该对领导、情感、国家背景、社会网络和子团队测度在子团队研究中所扮演的角色做进一步的探索。     

内隐推理的实验研究

采用加工分离程序和多重分离程序,以瑞文高级推理测验为实验材料,对内隐推理进行了实验研究。实验1对包含测验与排除测验中正确猜测的期望概率进行了估计;实验2采用公式P1=Pc∪PA∪R1和PE=PC^－∩(PA∪RE)对外显推理和内隐推理的贡献进行了计算。结果发现存在显著的外显推理和内隐推理效应。     

The effect of Neuroticism in the process of goal pursuit

This study examines the link between Neuroticism and work motivation under work conditions that provide clear behavioral expectations. Within a two-phase correlational laboratory setup, participants (N = 158) worked on a simple task with specific, high goals that were linked to monetary rewards. Structural equation modeling analysis largely supported the postulated model. Focusing on antecedents and consequences of goal commitment, we found that Neuroticism was indirectly related to the attainment of assigned goals via motivational variables in the process of goal pursuit. Independent of cognitive ability, positive and negative effects of Neuroticism were evident in the motivational process, which forms an explanation for the close-to-zero relationships to performance outcomes. Two facets (Anxiety, Self-consciousness) seem to offer explanations for the contradicting effects of Neuroticism in the process of goal pursuit.     

Flow experience influenced by car adjustments

Today’s cars offer a variety of possible setting options which have to be chosen by the driver. In order to examine the psychological effect of automatic adjustments in comparison to manual adjustments of the chassis and drive train while driving, a test vehicle was built up and tested in a naturalistic field operation test (nFOT) through various development stages. 207 BMW employees participated in the study focusing on emotional feedback and flow experience. The results were used to improve the function and to start the test scenario again.The automatic adjustment of the car’s setting (driving mode) due to the detection of the intended driving style of the subjects was preferred to the manual adjustments. Additionally, the feeling of safety increased while the level of distraction decreased. Our findings show that in addition to the positive technical aspects of an automatic adjustment, there is also an increase in driving experience, measured by the flow experience and the feeling of safety.     

员工组织社会化研究的概况

组织社会化是指个体为了适应其所在组织的价值体系、组织目标和行为规范而调整自己态度、行为的学习过程。文章在对组织社会化含义阐释的基础上,从组织社会化策略、组织社会化过程、组织社会化中员工信息寻求、组织社会化内容等4个方面,对当前组织社会化的研究现状进行介绍。文章最后指出了组织社会化的未来研究趋势     

动作记忆SPT优势效应的理论探讨

操作条件下的记忆效果好于语词条件下记忆效果的现象被称为动作记忆SPT效应。以往研究先后提出非策略加工、多通道加工、动作编码及情景整合理论来解释SPT效应,但这些理论解释仍存在矛盾和分歧,并阻碍了当前动作记忆领域的研究进展。为了解决目前的理论困境,本文详细地阐述了各理论的核心内容、发展历程及其存在矛盾和分歧的原因,并提出应以加工过程与加工对象相结合的视角来建立新的理论模型,以进一步促进实证研究的展开。