IgG4相关性胆胰疾病的诊断和治疗

近年来发现,IgG4相关性疾病可累及全身多系统多器官,目前研究提示IgG4相关性胆胰疾病主要有IgG4相关性硬化性胆管炎和自身免疫性胰腺炎（AIP）.前者是一种免疫发病机制未明、生化学特点以及胆管影像学表现与原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）相似,对糖皮质激素应答良好的疾病.后者临床表现为复发性胰腺炎、梗阻性黄疸,伴胆管、涎腺等其他器官受累.实验室检查血清和组织学IgG4明显升高.影像学表现为胰腺呈“腊肠样”外观,伴主胰管弥漫不规则狭窄,同样对激素治疗敏感.二者常同时受累、关系密切,易误诊为胆管癌、硬化性胆管炎或胰腺癌,本文将当前国内外研究现状做一介绍,供临床诊治参考.     

自身抗体检测新技术及其临床应用

自身抗体的检测在自身免疫性疾病（A ID ）的诊断,判断疾病的严重程度及评价疗效方面拥有十分重要的临床意义。随着免疫检测技术的进步,新的自身抗体特异性靶抗原被发现,自身抗体的检测技术也越来越多,出现如何评估自身抗体检测方法及诊断价值的新问题。本文介绍自身抗体检测的新技术及自身抗体检测技术的发展趋势,评估自身抗体检测方法应用现状,分析了临床自身抗体检测技术的优缺点,让临床实验室更加合理有效选择自身抗体检测技术。     

心血管病患者择期介入手术前后焦虑抑郁及影响因素分析

探讨择期介入治疗心血管病患者术前术后焦虑抑郁水平及其影响因素。连续调查我院心内科行择期介入治疗的住院患者100例,分别于术前及术后记录患者静息血压和心率,填写贝克抑郁量表、状态焦虑量表、自制担心评定量表、SF-36生活质量调查问卷;SPSS 17．0软件对焦虑抑郁影响因素进行了统计分析。介入患者术后血压（141．2＆#177;10．6）mmHg /（75．1＆#177;11．9）mmHg 较术前（145．4＆#177;18．0）mmHg/（79．8＆#177;12．2）mmHg 显著下降,心率（72．1＆#177;11．6）次/分也较术前（78．2＆#177;12．9）次/分显著降低;术前患者普遍存在焦虑情绪（43．4＆#177;8．4）,焦虑水平与学历、血压及心率均呈正相关（P＜0．05）,与年龄、生活质量呈负相关（P＜0．05）;介入术后患者焦虑水平显著下降（41．2＆#177;7．6,P＜0．03）;抑郁水平在手术前后无明显变化。本结果提示择期介入治疗心血管病患者术前存在明显焦虑,焦虑水平与年龄、学历、血压、心率及生活质量密切相关。     

论疾病诊治中的顾此失彼

"顾此失彼"指在疾病的诊治中发现、意识或处理了事物的一个方面或一个事物,而遗漏、忽视了事物的另一个方面或另一个事物。首先,表现在没有全面地收集和分析相关的临床资料。其次,表现为疾病诊断的不全面。再次,表现为疾病治疗的总体安排、治疗方案或药学监护等方面的顾此失彼。与疾病诊断和治疗有关的"彼"是必须被发现和意识的。但在处理时,则根据"彼"与诊断或治疗关系的程度分别对待。为减少或减轻疾病诊治中"顾此失彼"的不良后果,需要采取一系列相应对策,如实施毕业后规范化培养、学习诊治指南和临床路径、重视疾病诊治的程序、提高临床技能、积累临床经验、丰富相关知识、培养临床思维、提高职业素养等。     

Psychologists' perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO‐IUPsyS Global Survey

This study examined psychologists' views and practices regarding diagnostic classification systems for mental and behavioral disorders so as to inform the development of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) conducted a multilingual survey of 2155 psychologists from 23 countries, recruited through their national psychological associations. Sixty percent of global psychologists routinely used a formal classification system, with ICD‐10 used most frequently by 51% and DSM‐IV by 44%. Psychologists viewed informing treatment decisions and facilitating communication as the most important purposes of classification, and preferred flexible diagnostic guidelines to strict criteria. Clinicians favorably evaluated most diagnostic categories, but identified a number of problematic diagnoses. Substantial percentages reported problems with crosscultural applicability and cultural bias, especially among psychologists outside the USA and Europe. Findings underscore the priority of clinical utility and professional and cultural differences in international psychology. Implications for ICD‐11 development and dissemination are discussed.     

HMGB1在心血管疾病中的研究进展

高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein box1protein,HMGB1)是一组高度保守的非组织核蛋白,存在于多种真核细胞的细胞核中。其可通过活化细胞的主动分泌和坏死细胞的被动释放进入胞外,并与配体结合引发信号转导,诱导炎症介质的产生,扩大炎症反应。大量研究表明,HMGB1在心血管疾病的发生发展及转归中起着重要作用,并受到人们越来越多的关注。     

Changes in physical activity among coronary and hypertensive patients: A longitudinal study using the Health Action Process Approach

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) is a key factor in cardiovascular disease prevention. Through the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), the present study investigated the process of change in PA in coronary patients (CPs) and hypertensive patients (HPs).

Design: Longitudinal survey study with two follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months on 188 CPs and 169 HPs.

Main outcome measures: Intensity and frequency of PA.

Results: A multi-sample analysis indicated the equivalence of almost all the HAPA social cognitive patterns for both patient populations. A latent growth curve model showed strong interrelations among intercepts and slopes of PA, planning and maintenance self-efficacy, but change in planning was not associated with change in PA. Moreover, increase in PA was associated with the value of planning and maintenance self-efficacy reached at the last follow-up

Conclusions: These findings shed light on mechanisms often neglected by the HAPA literature, suggesting reciprocal relationships between PA and its predictors that could define a plausible virtuous circle within the HAPA volitional phase. Moreover, the HAPA social cognitive patterns are essentially identical for patients who had a coronary event (i.e. CPs) and individuals who are at high risk for a coronary event (i.e. HPs).     

Does long term use of piracetam improve speech disturbances due to ischemic cerebrovascular diseases?

Aphasia causes significant disability and handicap among stroke survivors. Language therapy is recommended for aphasic patients, but not always available. Piracetam, an old drug with novel properties, has been shown to have mild beneficial effects on post-stroke aphasia. In the current study, we investigated the effects of 6 months treatment with piracetam on aphasia following stroke. Thirty patients with first-ever ischemic strokes and related aphasia were enrolled in the study. The scores for the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Gülhane Aphasia Test were recorded. The patients were scheduled randomly to receive either 4.8 g piracetam daily or placebo treatment for 6 months. At the end of 24 weeks, clinical assessments and aphasia tests were repeated. The level of improvement in the clinical parameters and aphasia scores was compared between the two groups. All patients had large lesions and severe aphasia. No significant difference was observed between the piracetam and placebo groups regarding the improvements in the NIHSS, BI and mRS scores at the end of the treatment. The improvements observed in spontaneous speech, reading fluency, auditory comprehension, reading comprehension, repetition, and naming were not significantly different in the piracetam and placebo groups, the difference reached significance only for auditory comprehension in favor of piracetam at the end of the treatment. Piracetam is well-tolerated in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Piracetam taken orally in a daily dose of 4.8 g for 6 months has no clear beneficial effect on post-stroke language disorders.     

成也萧何败也萧何——工业化语境下当代医学的困境与出路

工业化革命的动力打造了当代医学的昌明和繁盛,而工业化思维即成为当代医学向高层次发展的新羁绊。工业化思维的价值取向,使当代医学走向刻板和教化,耐日益失去应有的灵性和柔性,其僵硬的模式化治疗体系与高度个性化的代谢性新疾病群形成了巨大的反差。医学的技术语汇应匡正“恶”行,择“善”而为,追求和谐,这是当代医学走出工业化阴影的必然出路。     

Human Costs of Organizational Downsizing: Comparing Health Trends Between Leavers and Stayers

We studied health-related selection and consequences of an organizational downsizing among 886 municipal employees. Measurements of health indicators were conducted before any rumor of the downsizing and immediately after the downsizing 3 years later. Results of predownsizing health showed that those who did not find employment after the staff reductions were older employees with high preexisting morbidity. Those getting a new job elsewhere were younger and had better health already before the downsizing than the stayers. After the downsizing, deterioration of health was most likely in the stayers working in groups of major staff reductions and among the nonemployed leavers. In the reemployed leavers, the risk of increased health problems was lower than in others including employees working in no or minor downsizing groups.