试论张仲景辩病结合辩证的辨证论治方法的先进性

张仲景辩病结合辩证的辨证论治方法,与现代医学认识疾病的思想非常近似,通过比较现代医学认识疾病思想与张仲景疾病认识概念在疾病诊治过程中的相似性,为研究<金匮要略>古代疾病与西医现代病的对应性结合、提高病证结合论治在临床的效验,有很大意义.     

武汉市老年护理医院出院患者疾病构成帕累托图分析

为了解武汉市老年护理医院患者主要病种、多发病种构成情况,以武汉市5家老年护理医院的病案统计数据为资料,运用帕累托图分析法对1236例出院患者的情况进行分析。武汉市老年护理医院患者中病种以心血管病、脑血管病、脑卒中后遗症、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、肺气肿、骨折等疾病为主,其构成占到老年护理医院出院病例疾病构成的90％以上。     

Abuse Experiences in a Community Sample of Young Adults: Relations with Psychiatric Disorders, Sexual Risk Behaviors, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

This study documents significant associations among lifetime abuse experiences, psychiatric diagnoses, and sexual risk behaviors in a multiethnic community sample of young men and women (N = 1803) in South Florida. Self-report data were collected via structured interviews as part of a longitudinal follow-up of a larger school-based study. Participants were grouped according to extent of lifetime abuse experiences. Cumulative lifetime abuse experiences were associated with increased risk for a broad range of individual lifetime psychiatric disorders, as well as cumulative lifetime psychiatric disorders. Both cumulative abuse experiences and cumulative psychiatric disorders were independently associated with (a) higher levels of sexual risk behaviors and (b) higher risk for lifetime sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Implications for selective prevention of sexual risk behaviors and STDs among young adults with histories of abuse and psychiatric disorders are discussed.     

以高血压治疗为例谈以患者为中心的医疗模式

高血压是我国心脑血管病致死的主要危险因素,我国高血压的发病率仍在不断增高.但近年高血压的“知晓率,治疗率和达标率”改变仍不明显.在大量的临床工作中,由于患者多,工作繁忙等原因,医生在日常工作中,与患者没有机会交流,对高血压患者的处理,只限于开药,并不能与患者进行健康生活方式的指导,更缺乏心理交流.因此,对高血压患者的治疗,并不能得到很好的治疗依从性,影响治疗效果.本文根据本人的一点临床工作经验,提出必须重视与患者的交流,加强对患者不良生活方式的纠正,积极鼓励戒烟,降低钠盐摄入等综合防治措施,力争达到较好的高血压治疗效果.     

Coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality: experts' estimation of risks of sexually transmitted infections

The aim of this study is to examine both coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality in experts' judgments of risk. We investigated biases in risk estimation for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) predicted by fuzzy‐trace theory, i.e., that specific errors would occur despite experts' knowledge of correct responses. One hundred twenty professionals with specific knowledge of STI risks in adolescents were administered a survey questionnaire to test predictions concerning: knowledge deficits (producing underestimation of risks); gist‐based representation of risk categories (producing overestimation of condom effectiveness); retrieval failure for risk knowledge (producing lower risk estimates); and processing interference in combining risk estimates (producing biases in post‐test diagnosis of infection). Retrieval was manipulated by asking estimation questions that “unpacked” the STI category into infection types or did not specify infection types. Other questions differentiated processing biases from knowledge deficits or retrieval failure by directly providing requisite knowledge. Experts' knowledge of STI transmission and infection risks was verified empirically. Nevertheless, under predictable conditions, they misestimated risk, overestimated the effectiveness of condoms, and also suffered from processing biases. When questions provided better retrieval supports (unpacked format), risk estimates improved. Biases were linked to gist representations, retrieval failures, and processing errors, as opposed to knowledge about STIs. Results support fuzzy‐trace theory's dual‐process assumptions that different types of errors are dissociated from one another, and separate failures of coherence and correspondence among the same sample of experts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.