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Robert Audi 《Ratio》2021,34(1):56-67
Philosophical literature in normative ethics has tended to concentrate on (1) what we should do—what acts we should perform—or (2) virtues of character, understood as leading to the right deeds or (3), as most notable in Kant, the importance of motivation appraising agents and actions. All these elements—actions, virtues, and motives—are ethically significant. But there is a dimension of moral responsibility that should be given a place beside obligations to act, virtues of character, and appraisability of actions in relation to their motivation. It is the manner in which actions are performed. This can be right or wrong, an object of intention, and behavior for a reason; and it is important for assessing moral virtue. This paper explores manners of action, shows why they apparently do not reduce to kinds of actions, and proposes an account of their importance. The result is a wider conception of acting rightly than the common understanding on which it simply doing the right thing, a partial account of how acting rightly figures in the content of intention, and a sketch of the moral dimensions of the manners in which we act. 相似文献
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We argue that conceptual analyses of collective action should be informed by game-theoretic analyses of collective action.
In particular, we argue that Ariel Rubenstein’s so-called ‘Electronic Mail Game’ provides a useful model of collective action,
and of the formation of collective intentions. 相似文献
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Nicholas Bardsley 《Synthese》2007,157(2):141-159
Philosophers and economists write about collective action from distinct but related points of view. This paper aims to bridge
these perspectives. Economists have been concerned with rationality in a strategic context. There, problems posed by “coordination
games” seem to point to a form of rational action, “team thinking,” which is not individualistic. Philosophers’ analyses of
collective intention, however, sometimes reduce collective action to a set of individually instrumental actions. They do not,
therefore, capture the first person plural perspective characteristic of team thinking. Other analyses, problematically, depict
intentions ranging over others’ actions. I offer an analysis of collective intention which avoids these problems. A collective
intention aims only at causing an individual action, but its propositional content stipulates its mirroring in other minds. 相似文献
256.
Stefano Livi Valeria De Cristofaro Annalisa Theodorou Marika Rullo Valerio Piccioli Maura Pozzi 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2020,30(3):249-261
Retention of volunteers is a main issue for no‐profit organizations. In the present study, using a cross‐sectional design, determinants of volunteers’ intentions to continue their service were investigated in a sample of 116 volunteers at different Italian organizations (Mage = 42.32, SDage = 15.91). Guided by the conceptual model of the volunteer process, we hypothesized that organizational socialization should mediate the link between prosocial personality and intention to continue volunteering. Results confirmed our prediction. Findings provide suggestions for organizations concerned about volunteers’ dropout that focus on ameliorating the socialization process of less prosocial volunteers in order to support their intention to remain in the organization. 相似文献
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Sabahat Cigdem Bagci Abbas Turnuklu Mustafa Tercan 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(3):597-613
We investigated whether existing intergroup contact experiences moderated the associations between prejudicial attitudes and behavioral tendencies towards outgroups across five studies in Turkey (total N = 1,281). Findings showed that among Turks who reported higher levels of cross-group friendship quantity (Study 1) and greater positive (but not negative) contact (Study 2) with Kurds, prejudicial attitudes did not predict negative outgroup behavioral tendencies. Confirming these studies, Study 3 indicated that the association between homophobic attitudes and outgroup avoidance/approach tendencies was weaker among individuals who reported more LGBTI friends. Study 4 replicated the latter finding among children using Syrians as the target outgroup. Study 5 further showed that the buffering role of intergroup contact occurred only among participants who held less certain attitudes towards Syrian refugees. Findings provide insights into how existing contact experiences shape the relationship between negative attitudes towards outgroups and relevant behavioral intentions. 相似文献
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