The role of context and timeframe in moderating relationships within the theory of planned behaviour

This study examined the moderating effect of context and timeframe on the predictive ability of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs. Three hundred and eighty-three students completed TPB measures either in a campus bar or a library and were randomly allocated to one of three timeframe conditions: tonight, tomorrow or next week. There was a three-way interaction such that the subjective norms of participants in a bar were more predictive of their intentions to binge drink that night, whereas the subjective norms of participants in a library were less predictive of intentions to binge drink that night. This research provides empirical evidence that ignoring context may result in underestimation of the importance of normative factors in binge drinking. It also suggests that other research utilising the TPB needs to take greater account of the impact of context of data collection, which has been neglected to date.     

Control of impulsive emotional behaviour through implementation intentions

Past research has established that people can strategically enhance or override impulsive emotional behaviour with implementation intentions (Eder, Rothermund, & Proctor, 2010). However, it is unclear whether emotional action tendencies change by intentional processes or by habit formation processes due to repeated enactment of the intention (or both). The present study shows that forming implementation intentions is sufficient to modulate emotional action tendencies. Participants received instructions about how to respond to positive and negative stimuli on evaluation trials but no such trials were actually presented. Results showed that merely intending to approach and avoid affective stimuli influenced emotional action tendencies in a modified affective Simon task in which affective valence was irrelevant. An affective Simon effect (i.e., faster reactions when the valence of the stimulus corresponded with the valence of the movement) was observed when participants intended evaluations with affectively congruent responses (i.e., positive–approach, negative–avoid); in contrast, the effect was reversed in direction when participants planned evaluations with incongruent responses (i.e., positive–avoid, negative–approach). Thus, implementation intentions can regulate implicit emotional responses even in the absence of possible habit formation processes. Implications for dual-system accounts of emotion regulation are discussed.     

Cognitive obstacles against organ donation: The influence of negative attitudes,norms, and traditional beliefs on Chinese people's intention to donate organs after death

In China, the organ supply is severely insufficient to cover all people on the waiting list for donated organs, and numerous patients die awaiting transplant. To achieve a better understanding of cadaveric organ donation in Chinese culture, this study examined 300 Chinese adults, in both Fujian Province and Macao, regarding attitudes towards organ donation, subjective norms about organ donation and traditional beliefs about the body and death, examining the influences of these factors on respondents' donation intentions. Multiple hierarchical regression results suggest that more negative attitudes, unfavourable norms and traditional beliefs lead to lower donation intentions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同线索下 3～9岁儿童的情绪认知、助人意向和助人行为

本研究通过个别施测,考察了600名3～9岁儿童在不同线索下的情绪认知、助人意向和助人行为。结果表明,情绪认知成绩随年龄的增长而提高,对情境和表情线索一致任务的认知优于对矛盾线索的认知,情绪认知利用线索随年龄的增长统合型逐渐取代表情依存型和情境依存型而占优势;不同难度的线索任务制约了儿童的助人意向和助人行为,情绪认知对助人意向和助人行为有不同的作用模式。     

意图、名声及申述方式对冒犯者所受责备的影响

本研究采用2×2×3的混合实验设计,探讨冒犯意图、冒犯者名声和申述方式对冒犯者所受责备及印象评价的影响。结果表明:(1)无意冒犯和好名声要比有意冒犯和坏名声冒犯者受到更少的责备和更积极的印象评价。(2)意图与申述方式、名声与申述方式之间都没有交互作用。(3)与否认相比,道歉和辩解都使冒犯者受到更积极的印象评价,但道歉和辩解不管是在对冒犯者的责备还是印象评价上所起的作用都没有差别。     

四类不同心理契约关系的比较研究

根据企业对自己义务履行程度和员工对自己义务履行程度的不同,将员工的心理契约分成四种类型,两种情况。不同的情况下,员工的组织公民行为、离职倾向和对高层的信任存在显著差异。     

Side-bet theory and the three-component model of organizational commitment

We tested Becker’s (1960) side-bet conceptualization of commitment within the context of Meyer and Allen’s (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. Employees (N=202) from various organizations completed a survey including measures of (a) seven categories of side bets (b) affective, normative, and continuance commitment, and (c) turnover intention. The findings provided strong support for Becker’s theory. All seven side-bet categories correlated significantly with a revised measure of high-sacrifice continuance commitment, and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the relations between the side bets and turnover intention were fully mediated by commitment. The findings also address issues pertaining to the dimensionality and measurement of continuance commitment, and help to explain relations among the three components of commitment.     

Quality of Olympics opening ceremony: Tourism behavioural intention of international spectators

This study assessed the impact of the artistic program of the Winter Olympics opening ceremony event on international spectators’ national image branding of the host country and their intention to visit the host nation. We surveyed a total of 600 international spectators of the South Korea PyeongChang Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony (150 Filipino, 150 Americans, 150 British, and 150 South Africans; 50% female) on their perceptions of quality of the opening ceremony, national image branding, and their intention to visit the host country. Results from hierarchical analysis indicated that the quality of the artistic program of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics opening ceremony (content of expression, form of expression, and narrative of nation) predicted perceptions of host country national image and behavioural intentions to visit. From these findings, we conclude that the artistic program of the opening ceremony of an Olympic event is a valuable opportunity to help international spectators to better understand the host country culture, and for influencing their tourism intentions.     

中学教师成就动机、离职意向与倦怠的关系

本文旨在探讨成就动机、离职意向和倦怠之间的关系。针对已有研究发现的关于成就动机与倦怠的矛盾关系,将成就动机分为追求成功和避免失败,进行相关分析和结构回归方程分析。发现追求成功动机与倦怠负相关,而避免失败动机与倦怠正相关。倦怠是成就动机与离职意向关系的中介变量,经倦怠变量的调节,成就动机对离职意向的直接影响与间接影响相互抵消。