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排序方式: 共有321条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
冠心病理想治疗方式的选择 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
冠心病的治疗包括针对高危因素病因和临床并发症的综合治疗。其中,药物治疗主要包括:抗凝/抗血小板、控制血压和调脂等。血管重建术主要包括:介入、搭桥、“杂交”手术和分子生物学治疗。药物治疗是冠心病各种治疗方法的基础,而血管重建术是现代治疗冠心病的重要手段。如何合理地选择治疗方案是临床医师面临的重要课题。 相似文献
52.
53.
心算应激与特质焦虑、应对风格的关系 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
选取38名大学生为被试,采用BIOPAC多导生理记录仪,探讨心算应激对不同人格特质和应对风格的大学生心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)及皮肤电反应(GSR)的影响。实验采取2(人格特质:特质焦虑、非特质焦虑)×2(应对风格:注重情绪的应对、注重问题的应对)×3(实验阶段:基线期、任务期、恢复期)的三因素混合设计,要求所有被试经历5分钟的基线期、10分钟的心算任务期和5分钟的恢复期。结果表明:(1)特质焦虑的个体和注重情绪应对的个体在心算应激后的短时间内难以恢复到基线期的生理水平;(2)特质焦虑且注重情绪应对的个体在HR、HF、LF/HF及GSR上表现出明显强的反应性和弱的恢复性;(3)非特质焦虑且注重问题应对的个体在HF和GSR上表现出明显弱的反应性,在LF/HF和GSR上表现出明显强的恢复性。 相似文献
54.
Emese Nagy Hajnalka Kompagne Hajnalka Orvos Attila Pal 《Infant and child development》2007,16(3):267-276
Socio‐emotional behaviour is in part sex‐related in humans, although the contribution of the biological and socio‐cultural factors is not yet known. This study explores sex‐related differences during the earliest communicative exchange, the neonatal imitation in 43 newborn infants (3–96 hours old) using an index finger extension imitative gesture. Results showed that although the experimenter presented comparable stimuli to both sexes, and the total number of movements was similar in boys and girls, girls showed more fine motor movements, a higher number of specific imitative gestures, responded faster during the imitation and showed a higher baseline heart rate during the experiment. Newborn girls, with their faster and more accurate imitative abilities, may create a more responsive and interactive social environment, which in turn may lead to differences in socio‐emotional and cognitive development between girls and boys. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Lisa J. Meltzer James R. Rodrigue 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(3):173-180
Although organ transplantation represents a stressful experience for the entire family, surprisingly little research has focused on the adjustment of caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine what caregivers report to be the greatest benefits and stressors pretransplant, the prevalence of psychological distress and caregiver strain in pretransplant caregivers as compared to normative populations, and the physical, psychological, and demographic variables that predict distress. Fifty-two caregivers of transplant candidates (28 liver and 24 lung) completed a series of questionnaires, including the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR), SF-36 Health Survey, Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), and qualitative questions about benefits and stressors. The most commonly reported benefit of being a caregiver could be categorized as Helping the Patient, and the most common stressors were associated with Uncertainty/Waiting/Fears. Compared to normative samples of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, caregivers of liver transplant candidates reported more caregiver strain; there were no differences for lung transplant caregivers. Caregiver social functioning was found to be the only significant predictor of caregiver distress, with those caregivers who report greater distress also reporting extreme and frequent interference with normal social activities. Implications of these findings for psychological interventions are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Steven H. Woodward Ph.D. Kent D. Drescher Ph.D. Ronald T. Murphy Ph.D. Joseph I. Ruzek Ph.D. David W. Foy Ph.D. Ned J. Arsenault B.A. Fred D. Gusman L.C.S.W. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1997,32(1):19-30
The objective of this study was to assess, via heart rate, the arousal levels of participants in group trauma reexposure therapy
for posttraumatic stress disorder, and so to better understand this common mode of treatment, particularly in regards to its
presumed curative factor, extinction. Six Vietnam combat-related PTSD inpatients participated twice weekly in group trauma
reexposure therapy during which their electrocardiograms were recorded. Heart rate was quantified continuously off-line. Heart
rates of participantsnot directly engaged in imaginal reexposure to their personal combat traumas consistently exhibited mild linear declines from
the beginnings to the ends of the approximately 2.5 hour sessions. Participants actively engaged in personal combat trauma
reexposure exhibited higher whole-session heart rates. Most also exhibited more specific elevation extending over the later
portions of therapy sessions during which intensive reexposure usually occurred. Surprisingly, no patients exhibitedfocal increases in heart rate concurrent with periods of most intensive traumatic incident review as judged from videotape. Administering
imaginal reexposure in a group context does not preclude substantial physiological (sympathetic) arousal, as is preconditional
for extinction. Under conditions in which the actively engaged reexposure patient is reliably identified, group trauma reexposure
therapy may not provide an opportunity for “vicarious” flooding in nonengaged participants. 相似文献
57.
Barbara G. Melamed 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(3):225-231
This article argues for the necessity of cognitive-behavioral assessment for a thorough understanding of how psychological factors mediate disease process across a wide range of diseases including coronary artery disease, breast cancer, and human immunodeficiency disease. Based on empirical data presented as part of the APA Presidential miniconvention, “To Your Health: Psychology through the Life Span,” the conclusion is that psychological treatment can help extend life. Stress management programs can positively influence adherence to treatment regimens and positively influence the human immune system response during the course of treatment and recovery from illness. Even in the face of life-threatening circumstances such as liver transplantation, Stage II and III breast cancer, and after HIV infection has been diagnosed, the quality of life can be remarkably improved. Physicians and psychologists must work together to produce the beneficial effects of the synergy between mind-body processes. 相似文献
58.
Eighteen 15-week-old, normal full-term infants were presented with photographic slides of a human facial expression. The infant's heart rate, body movement, and visual attention were recorded simultaneously. The results showed that heart rate and body movement were significantly correlated during visual attention but not during inattention. Both heart rate and body movement decelerated significantly when the infants visually attended to the target stimulus. The results are discussed with reference to cardiac-somatic integration in early infancy and its implication as a possible index of attention. 相似文献
59.
Terry B. J. Kuo Jia-Yi Li Chung-Yu Chen Yu-Cheng Lin Mei-Wun Tsai Shun-Ping Lin 《Journal of motor behavior》2018,50(2):127-133
Studies using a triaxial accelerometer and heart rate (HR) simultaneously for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during uphill exercise are rare. Exploring the optimal location for placing the accelerometer for predicting EE during uphill exercise is essential. Sixteen healthy male participants (M ± SEM; age 25.00 ± 0.61 years; body weight 74.13 ± 2.51 kg; body height 1.74 ± 0.01 m; body mass index 24.30 ± 0.63 kg/m2) exercised on a treadmill under 12 conditions (4 speeds and 3 gradients) on 3 days. Triaxial accelerometers, an HR recorder, and a metabolic measurement system were simultaneously used. Accelerometer outputs from various anatomical locations (upper arm, chest, lower back, waist, thigh, and instep) showed significant positive correlations with EE (0.819, 0.846, 0.816, 0.820, 0.672, and 0.669, respectively; p < .05). The linear regression equation for changes in HR showed the highest coefficient of determination (r2) of .837 with 87.9% reliability. When the HR signal was included, the r2 value (> .842) and reliability (87.9%) between the accelerometer outputs and EE improved. Accelerometer outputs from the waist position alone provide highly accurate EE values. Using both accelerometer outputs and HR for EE estimation during uphill exercise is feasible and improves the accuracy of EE prediction. 相似文献
60.
《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2018,59(4):360-367
Recent research has revealed enhanced autonomic and subjective responses to eye contact only when perceiving another live person. However, these enhanced responses to eye contact are abolished if the viewer believes that the other person is not able to look back at the viewer. We purported to investigate whether this “genuine” eye contact effect can be reproduced with pre‐recorded videos of stimulus persons. Autonomic responses, gaze behavior, and subjective self‐assessments were measured while participants viewed pre‐recorded video persons with direct or averted gaze, imagined that the video person was real, and mentalized that the person could see them or not. Pre‐recorded videos did not evoke similar physiological or subjective eye contact effect as previously observed with live persons, not even when the participants were mentalizing being seen by the person. Gaze tracking results showed, however, increased attention allocation to faces with direct gaze compared to averted gaze directions. The results suggest that elicitation of the physiological arousal in response to genuine eye contact seems to require spontaneous experience of seeing and of being seen by another individual. 相似文献