Repressive coping style and autonomic reactions to two experimental stressors in healthy men and women

Autonomic and affective responses to two different stress tasks were measured in 45 males and 74 females, categorized as repressive, true low-anxious, true high-anxious, and defensive high-anxious. Electrodermal activity (EDA) was used as a measure of sympathetic activity and the high frequency (HF) spectral component of heart rate variability as a measure of parasympathetic activity. Contrary to our predictions, reactivity of repressors did not differ from the reactivity of true low-anxious participants. The results draw attention to previous inconsistent findings within the literature on repressive coping style and autonomic nervous system dysregulation. It is suggested that future research could benefit from the use of more consistent operationalizations of the repressive coping construct and from comparing alternative measures of repressive coping within the same study.     

性激素替代治疗在冠心病防治中的作用

冠心病的发病率有着明显的性别差异,大量研究表明内源性雌激素和雄激素与冠心病的发生发展有着密切关系,它对于女性和男性分别有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,这提示人们可以通过恢复机体激素水平达到防治冠心病的作用。因此性激素替代治疗成为了对冠心病的防治研究的热点,本文主要综述性激素替代治疗在冠心病防治中的研究进展。     

十五年来中国男性择偶标准的变化

对《中国妇女》1985年至2000年15年间每隔5年选择一年,并在每一季度中选择一期杂志,统计男性刊登的征婚启事,总共得到332例。采用统计学方法进行定量研究。发现中国男性在15年间对自身的人品、财产、相貌的重视程度显著增高,对自身的婚史和事业的重视程度明显降低;对女方的持家能力的重视程度显著增高,对女方的健康和工作的重视程度显著降低。当代中国男性的择偶标准随时间的推移有了明显的变化,但仍受到中国传统观念的影响。     

易之"生"意与理学的生生之学

"生生之谓易"既是哲学家对宇宙相状的揭示,也是"易"本身的性质。从"天地之大德日生"到"易简"之善和"复其见天地之心",贯穿的都是同一个"生"意。理学继承前人又广加扩展,天地生物之心既是静与动的综合集成,又是天地生物与仁德流行的统一。从静体到动用,从"动之端"到"动之机",现象存在虽有生死显微,"生"之理却通贯不息。     

Enhancing the Benefits of Written Emotional Disclosure Through Response Training

Writing about a personal stressful event has been found to have psychological and physical health benefits, especially when physiological response increases during writing. Response training was developed to amplify appropriate physiological reactivity in imagery exposure. The present study examined whether response training enhances the benefits of written emotional disclosure. Participants were assigned to either a written emotional disclosure condition (n = 113) or a neutral writing condition (n = 133). Participants in each condition wrote for 20 minutes on 3 occasions and received response training (n = 79), stimulus training (n = 84) or no training (n = 83). Heart rate and skin conductance were recorded throughout a 10-minute baseline, 20-minute writing, and a 10-minute recovery period. Self-reported emotion was assessed in each session. One month after completing the sessions, participants completed follow-up assessments of psychological and physical health outcomes. Emotional disclosure elicited greater physiological reactivity and self-reported emotion than neutral writing. Response training amplified physiological reactivity to emotional disclosure. Greater heart rate during emotional disclosure was associated with the greatest reductions in event-related distress, depression, and physical illness symptoms at follow-up, especially among response trained participants. Results support an exposure explanation of emotional disclosure effects and are the first to demonstrate that response training facilitates emotional processing and may be a beneficial adjunct to written emotional disclosure.     

冠心病患者的抑郁和焦虑

许多临床研究表明,冠心病患者常发生抑郁及焦虑。而在严重精神症状（如抑郁或/和焦虑）者中有较高的冠心病发生率。抑郁增加冠心病患者的不良心血管事件发生率,影响预后。其机制有如下几个方面：对医疗措施及生活方式改变的依从性差、血小板功能异常、血管内皮功能紊乱以及心率变异性降低。选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂由于其较好的耐受性且无明显的心血管副作用而应用于冠心病合并抑郁及焦虑的药物治疗并改善患者的生活质量。但仍需要更大规模的临床研究以确定抑郁及焦虑对冠心病预后的影响。临床上应更加关注焦虑对冠心病的影响,进一步探讨焦虑能否作为冠心病的危险因素。     

变异性心绞痛患者心率变异性与冠状动脉病变关系的研究

研究变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高对心率变异性的影响。回顾性分析122例变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高幅度及持续时间对心率变异性的影响;心率变异性与冠状动脉病变及病变支数、狭窄程度有相关性。结果心率变异性在 ST 段抬高≥0．4mv 患者中较 ST 段抬高＜0．4mv 患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;其在 ST 段抬高持续时间≥3min 患者中较 ST 段抬高持续时间＜3min 患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;其在冠状动脉狭窄≥50％患者中较冠状动脉狭窄＜50％患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;心率变异性在多支较单支病变明显降低（P ＜0．05）,单支病变狭窄程度≥75％较50％～75％者明显降低（P＜0．05）。提示变异性心绞痛患者自主神经系统受损程度与冠状动脉缺血严重程度,缺血持续时间密切相关,心率变异性能一定程度反映变异性心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变严重程度。     

奥伦自理理论对充血性心力衰竭患者综合生存质量的预后影响研究

研究分析奥伦自理理论对充血性心力衰竭患者综合生存质量的预后影响。选取2012年2月~2013年5月本院收治的90例充血性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,将90例患者遵循随机分配的原则分为对照组（常规护理干预组）45例和观察组（奥伦自理理论组）45例,然后将两组患者护理干预前和护理干预后1个月、3个月的MLHFQ量表、WHOQOL-100量表及Zung量表评估结果进行统计与比较。观察组护理干预后1个月、3个月的MLHFQ量表评分均低于对照组,WHOQOL-100量表评分高于对照组,Zung量表评分与阳性率均低于对照组,P均〈0.05,两组护理干预后的评估结果差异均有统计学意义。奥伦自理理论有助于改善充血性心力衰竭患者的综合生存质量,在此类患者中的应用价值较高。     

Hostility and the clinical course of outpatients with congestive heart failure

Objective: The role of depression and quality of life on clinical outcomes of congestive heart failure (CHF) is well recognised. However, there are fewer studies investigating the prognostic role of subclinical psychological distress and well-being impairments. The aims of this study were to evaluate clinical/subclinical psychological distress and well-being in CHF outpatients, and the influence of these psychological factors on adverse cardiac events (re-hospitalisation, cardiac death), at 4-year follow-up.

Design: Sixty-eight CHF outpatients underwent psychological assessment at baseline and, after 4 years, information about cardiac events was collected in 60 patients by means of clinical records.

Main outcome measures: Psychological assessment included structured clinical interview for DSM (major/minor depression), Interview for diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research (demoralisation), symptom questionnaire, psychological well-being scales.

Results: At follow-up, 39.7% of the baseline sample reported cardiovascular events (14 CHF-related re-hospitalisations and 13 cardiac deaths) and 5.9% other causes for death. Among the variables examined as potential risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, only hostility was significant, even after controlling for disease severity (hazard ratio = 2.38, 95%confidence interval: 1.04–5.45, p = .040).

Conclusion: In outpatients with CHF, psychological assessment should include both clinical and subclinical distress such as hostility, in order to better address psychological risk factors for cardiac outcomes.     

Springs,Nitre, and Conatus. The Role of the Heart in Hobbes's Physiology and Animal Locomotion

This paper focuses on an understudied aspect of Hobbes's natural philosophy: his approach to the domain of life. I concentrate on the role assigned by Hobbes to the heart, which occupies a central role in both his account of human physiology (which he names ‘vital motion’) and of the origin of animal locomotion (‘animal or voluntary motion’). With this, I have three goals in mind. First, I aim to offer a cross-section of Hobbes's effort to provide a mechanistic picture of human life. Second, I aim to contextualize Hobbes's views in the seventeenth-century debates on human physiology and animal locomotion. In particular, I will compare Hobbes's views with the theories put forth by Harvey, Descartes, the Galenic, and Peripatetic traditions. Also, I will show that Hobbes was receptive to advances within contemporary English physiology and chemistry. Third, by means of a comparison with Descartes, I advance some hypothesis to explain why Hobbes indentified the heart, and not the brain (as was increasingly common in his day), as the organ originating animal locomotion. In this regard, I trace out some possible implications of Hobbes's views on human physiology and locomotion for his psychology and political philosophy.