The Case of Guest Workers: Exploitation,Citizenship and Economic Rights

Working from a ``capitalist' theory of exploitation, based on a neo-classical account of economic value, I argue that guest workers are exploited. It may be objected, however, that since they are not citizens, any inequality that stems from their status as non-citizens is morally unobjectionable. Although host countries are under no moral obligation to admit guest workers as citizens, thereare independent reasons that call for the extension of economicrights – the freedom of occupation in particular – to guestworkers. Since the cause of unequal exchange rests in the factthat guest workers are deprived of these rights, rather than in their exclusion from citizenship per se, I concludethat they are exploited even if their exclusion from citizenshipmay be justified.     

医改的逻辑与利益集团的阳光博弈——兼谈美国医疗保障制度演进中的博弈规则

医疗体制改革本质上是社会公共财富的再分配,伦理上涉及社会公正与正义,经济与管理上涉及各个阶层、利益集团的逐利博弈和理性之间的平衡张力。通过对美国20世纪60年代以来医疗保障立法过程中各个利益集团的交锋和妥协,尤其是代表美国医师利益的美国医学会在历次医疗保障立法程序中的诉求,揭示医疗制度改革的社会化流程,方案的精心设计是最重要的,当要取得社会共识,必须开放利益集团的"公堂博弈""舆论争锋"的空间,以便为后续实施提供良好的社会心理的土壤。     

Organizational and client commitment among contracted employees: A replication and extension with temporary workers

This study replicates and extends Coyle-Shapiro and Morrow’s study (Coyle-Shapiro, J.A.-M., & Morrow, P.C. 2006. Organizational and client commitment among contracted employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 28, 416-431) of organizational and client commitment among contracted employees. Our study focuses on temporary workers rather than long-term contracted employees, and also finds that perceived organizational support (POS) from a client organization indeed relates to affective organizational commitment towards the client. However, this study further suggests that client POS also relates to continuance commitment towards the client as well as affective and continuance commitment towards the temporary agency. Finally, temporary workers’ desire to pursue temporary work relates to affective commitment towards the temporary agency, but continuance commitment to the temporary agency is related to a preference for permanent employment.     

A Critical Review of the Forms and Value of Religious Coping Among Informal Caregivers

A review of the literature revealed high rates of religiousness and religious coping among informal caregivers (i.e., unpaid family and friends) and some associations with better mental and spiritual health and caregiving experience. However, the information necessary to practically and empirically apply this knowledge to improve the lives of caregivers was noticeably absent. To this end five key issues were identified: (a) Measurement, (b) Process, (c) Effectiveness, (d) Moderators, and (e) Mediators. A greater understanding of the specific types of religious coping strategies used, how their use changes over time, for whom and what outcomes they are most effective, and what influences and explains their effectiveness, will better equip healthcare workers to promote the functioning and well being of caregivers.     

农民工社会认知状况的调查研究

本研究以465名农民工为被试,采用有较高信、效度的自编农民工社会认知状况调查问卷,考查农民工打工生活和城市融入的社会认知状况.结果发现:(1)农民工的整体社会认知状况尚可,平均得分高于3分临界值;(2)不同年龄、婚姻、学历,打工次数、打工时间的农民工的社会认知差异显著.年龄较大的、已婚的、学历较低的、有过多次打工经历的和打工时间较长的农民工社会认知更好;新生代农民工较第一代农民工社会认知低,呈明显的代际特征;(3)收入较高和从事职业较好的农民工社会认知得分更高,即收入与职业影响农民工的社会认知.     

论遗传咨询和保健服务的科技保障与伦理优先

就遗传咨询服务及相关保健服务过程中涉及到的科技保障与伦理优先的问题进行了讨论。对在遗传咨询服务和产前诊断技术服务中的有关伦理问题提出了一些见解。认为,科技保障是遗传咨询和相关保健服务的基础,而伦理优先则是传咨询和相关保健服务的道德规范。只有在符合道德规范前提下的技术服务,才是真正科学的技术服务。     

Employee age and health

One particularly persistent and prevalent negative age stereotype is that older workers experience more health problems. This study examines whether this negative age stereotype is evidence-based or not. In a meta-analysis of previous studies on the relationship between age and health, we found that older employees suffered no declines in either mental health or self-reported physical health problems, but did experience modest declines on clinical indices of physical health (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol level, and body mass index). The article concludes with directions for future research on the role of health in the age–performance relationship and its implications for management practice.