转型期初中生心理健康与父母养育方式的研究

本研究采用《心理健康诊断量表》和《父母养育方式问卷》对196名初中生进行测量,探讨初中生心理健康与父母养育方式的影响因素及其相互之间的关系。结果表明,初中生的心理健康问题的检出率依次是自责倾向、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向和对人焦虑;性别因素只在心理健康的学习焦虑、养育方式上的父亲的惩罚、严厉、母亲的过干涉、过保护、父母的拒绝、否认等因素上表现出了显著差异;独生子女与非独生子女子女比较,在恐怖倾向以及惩罚、严厉的养育方式上存在显著差异;父母的文化程度、职业状况、离异、下岗等因素,只有母亲的职业状况因素对心理健康构成了影响;父母消极的教养方式将使学生的焦虑增加,母亲积极的教养方式将使学生的焦虑减少。     

Improving subjective health and reducing absenteeism in a natural work life-intervention

A natural one-year work-life intervention to improve occupational health and reduce absenteeism was designed as a field experiment. The intervention allowed the employees in the health care sector of a municipality to take up to five days of self-administered sick leave with full financial compensation up to four times a year. 165 employees in the intervention group and 100 employees in the control group filled out a questionnaire before and after the intervention. The result showed no evidence of misuse of this sick-leave option and some positive subjective health effects were found among those who used the option. Slight improvements were found in musculoskeletal problems and for cold/influenza. There were no effects on overall absenteeism. The question of the impact of local cultures on interventions to improve occupational health is also discussed.     

发展健康研究

试图讲座在健康研究中,如何适时、恰当并有效地把性别融合于其中,第一,我们应更注意健康研究的结果;第二,在健康研究中注重性别差异的意义;第三,分行性别健康的可持续性研究环境。     

20世纪全球卫生发展的回顾与展望

20世纪人类的健康状况发生了革命性的转变,同时也面临着前所未有的挑战。疾病谱的改变及人口寿命的延长以及医疗费用的上涨仍然是困扰各国决策者的难题,卫生发展与改革任重道远。完善健康保障体系最理想的选择方案是政府为居民“购买”基本卫生服务,由国家财政和居民共同承担保险基金,普及初级卫生保健,鼓励多种形式办医,WHO确定的卫生工作目标是各成员国卫生系统改革与发展的指导方针。     

医疗保险实施中的新课题：构建合理的利益格局

大连市实施医疗保险制度6年来,在医疗保险制度改革中医保机构、医疗机构、医药行业及参职工在利益格局调整中,出现了一些问题。从有利于医疗保险制度改革和公平、公正、客观的角度,用辩证的方法分析了医疗保险制度改革过程中的几个主要矛盾,进而从改变利益观、完善政策、加快配套改革等方面提出了相应的建议。     

人口老龄化呼唤老年医疗保障

我国人口老龄化进程加快,迫切需要建立健全老年人的医疗保障体系。简述了人口老龄化与老年人医疗卫生问题与支付能力,说明了在我国建立老年医疗保障制度的重要性及意义,并提出：针对社区老年人医药费用的不同负担形式与经济承受能力,建立不同收入、不同需求、不同形式的老年医疗保障制。     

推行职工基本医疗保险制度的现实问题、法律对策与思考

从医疗保险的理论入手,提出了改革是否成功的三条标准,进而推演到 我国城镇基本医疗保险制度的成效和优势。又从实践的角度,概括地列举了推行职工医疗保险制度改革中7个方面的现实问题。并着重论述了社会主义市场经济条件下解决上述问题的对策,其关键在于立法,在于建立健全相应的法律法规体系。从立法的角度阐述了立法规则、 立法监督、立法宣传和咨询,以及保险管理从业人员的专业化问题。对当前正在进行的医疗保险制度的改革有一定的借鉴意义。     

Attribute Framing and Goal Framing Effects in Health Decisions

Levin, Schneider, and Gaeth (LSG, 1998) have distinguished among three types of framing—risky choice, attribute, and goal framing—to reconcile conflicting findings in the literature. In the research reported here, we focus on attribute and goal framing. LSG propose that positive frames should be more effective than negative frames in the context of attribute framing, and negative frames should be more effective than positive frames in the context of goal framing. We test this framework by manipulating frame valence (positive vs negative) and frame type (attribute vs goal) in a unified context with common procedures. We also argue that the nature of effects in a goal-framing context may depend on the extent to which the research topic has “intrinsic self-relevance” to the population. In the context of medical decision making, we operationalize low intrinsic self-relevance by using student subjects and high intrinsic self-relevance by using patients. As expected, we find complete support for the LSG framework under low intrinsic self-relevance and modified support for the LSG framework under high intrinsic self-relevance. Overall, our research appears to confirm and extend the LSG framework.     

How Do People Process Health Information? Applications in an Age of Individualized Communication

Advances in computer technology have made it possible to customize communication, including health-education materials, to the specific needs and interests of any individual. Studies show that individually tailored health-education materials are more effective than generic materials in promoting changes in a variety of health-related behaviors. Theory and research in information processing provide an explanation for why such materials are effective. This article discusses current research on how individuals process tailored health information, and discusses directions for future research in this area.     

Managing Uncertainty: Obesity Discourses and Physical Education in a Risk Society

This paper considers the role of physicaleducation researchers within current publicconcerns about body shape and weight. UsingUlrich Beck's notion of `risk' it examines howcertainty about children, obesity, exercise andhealth is produced in the contexts of `expert'knowledge and recontextualised in the academicand professional physical education literature.It is argued that the unquestioning acceptanceof the obesity discourses in physical educationhelps to construct anxieties about the body,which are detrimental to students and silencesalternative ways of thinking and doing physicaleducation.