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231.
We tested the hypothesis that a psychosocial dental intervention formulated in terms of self-determination theory would increase
patients’ perceived competence and autonomous motivation for dental care and would decrease their plaque and gingivitis over
a seven month period, compared to standard dental treatment. We also tested a process model in which the intervention was
expected to increase perceived dental competence and autonomous motivation, that they would be positively associated with
oral health behaviors (i.e., brushing and flossing), which was expected to decrease plaque and, in turn, decrease gingivitis.
We also examined whether: changes in perceived competence and autonomous motivation would mediate the effect of the intervention
on dental-health behaviors; dental-health behaviors would mediate the links from changes in perceived competence and autonomous
motivation to change in plaque; and change in plaque would mediate the relation of dental health behaviors to change in gingivitis.
Finally, we examined the fit of the overall model with structural equation modelling. Results supported all predictions.
相似文献
Anne E. Münster HalvariEmail: |
232.
Sharlene A. Wolchik Jenn-Yun Tein Irwin N. Sandler Tim S. Ayers 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(2):212-229
Investigated whether three self-system beliefs, fear of abandonment, coping efficacy, and self-esteem, mediated the relations of stressors and caregiver–child relationship quality with concurrent and prospective internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of children who had experienced parental death in the previous 2.5 years. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 340 children ages 7–16 and their surviving parent/current caregiver; the longitudinal analyses employed a subset of this sample that consisted of 100 children and their parents/caregivers who were assessed at three time points. A multirater, multimethod measure of caregiver–child relationship quality and a multirater measure of children's mental health problems were used. The cross-sectional model supported a mediational relation for fear of abandonment, coping efficacy, and self-esteem. The three-wave longitudinal model showed that fear of abandonment at Time 2 mediated the relation between stressors at Time 1 and internalizing and externalizing problems at Time 3. Implications of these findings for understanding the development of mental health problems in parentally bereaved children and designing interventions for this at-risk group are discussed.
相似文献
Sharlene A. WolchikEmail: |
233.
VIRGINIA WILLIAMS Dr. JOSEPH Ciarrochi FRANK PATRICK DEANE 《Australian psychologist》2010,45(4):274-282
Police officers are at particular risk of stress when compared to people in other occupational groups. A compounding factor is that police are prone to the use of avoidant coping strategies when attempting to deal with this stress. Evidence suggests that “anti‐avoidance” strategies, of acceptance, mindfulness and emotional awareness, are more effective ways of coping, and are linked to both mental health and personal effectiveness. This study followed 60 trainee police officers from the recruit phase into the workplace to determine if these processes predicted more positive mental health and wellbeing in police recruits after 1 year of service. Mindfulness predicted depression at follow‐up, while emotion identification skill predicted general mental health. These results suggest that police officers and police organisations may benefit from interventions aimed at developing and promoting mindfulness and emotion identification. 相似文献
234.
Louis A. Penner John F. Dovidio Samuel L. Gaertner Rhonda K. Dailey 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(2):436-996
Medical interactions between Black patients and nonBlack physicians are usually less positive and productive than same-race interactions. We investigated the role that physician explicit and implicit biases play in shaping physician and patient reactions in racially discordant medical interactions. We hypothesized that whereas physicians’ explicit bias would predict their own reactions, physicians’ implicit bias, in combination with physician explicit (self-reported) bias, would predict patients’ reactions. Specifically, we predicted that patients would react most negatively when their physician fit the profile of an aversive racist (i.e., low explicit-high implicit bias). The hypothesis about the effects of explicit bias on physicians’ reactions was partially supported. The aversive racism hypothesis received support. Black patients had less positive reactions to medical interactions with physicians relatively low in explicit but relatively high in implicit bias than to interactions with physicians who were either: (a) low in both explicit and implicit bias, or (b) high in both explicit and implicit bias. 相似文献
235.
A partial least square regression (PLSR) was performed on the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) sum score and subscales on incompetence, role restriction, social isolation, spouse relationship and health problems, using 42 items from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 20 items from the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1). The dataset contained 227 fathers and 301 mothers of children aged 1.0-6.6 years from a population-based study on parental psychological distress in the general Norwegian population, and all items correlated positively with SPSQ. Subscales on spouse relationship, incompetence, social isolation and role restriction related to items on state anxiety and depression. The SPSQ subscale on health problems related to GHQ items on somatic symptoms and social dysfunction. The STAI-X1 item "not feeling rested" had a particularly important effect on parental stress. Underlying correlation structures between parental stress and items from STAI-X1 and GHQ were explored, but only the SPSQ sum score could be acceptably predicted. PLSR as a statistical methodology was found useful for health and psychometric data. 相似文献
236.
237.
Objective To assure that Healthy Communities are achieved, a tracking methodology is proposed using four health improvement categories.
Methods Counties are classified as having met or not met nine HP2010 mortality targets and as improving or not improving, creating
four categories of community health improvement – static, progressing, exemplary, and maintaining.
Results Exemplary counties make up 1.7%32.7% of counties, counties have both improved and met the HP2010 target during the period.
Across all indicators, a large proportion remains of counties that have neither met the HP2010 target nor improved (33.572.8%).
Conclusions Understanding why, how, and in what ways communities move from static to maintaining categories is necessary to guiding every
local public health system to community health improvement. 相似文献
238.
监狱警察应对方式与心理健康水平研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对重庆市监狱警察应对方式和心理健康水平的抽调研究,发现调查对象倾向于采取成熟的应对方式,且其心理健康水平优于普通人群,在对应对方式有效性的评价(认识)、采取的应对方式(行为)和心理健康水平(结果)三者之间存在一致性;男女狱警在应对方式和心理健康水平方面都存在一些差异,且差异显著。这提示我们在进行应对方式干预时要注意男女狱警不同的两性特征和角色期望。 相似文献
239.
人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的问世使宫颈癌的预防进入崭新的时代,自其问世以来便饱受伦理争议.通过分析目前全球医学文献中比较重视和争议的伦理问题,如Gardasil与Cervarix哪种更为有效,能否在发展中国家顺利推广,应当“强制接种”还是“自愿接种”,男性是否应常规接种等.基于伦理学的基本原则,提出正确的宣教是解决的经由之路. 相似文献
240.
按学生体质健康标准测试内容及评分标准的规定,连续10年(2002年~2012年)从大连海洋大学学生的体检、体测资料中,每年随机抽取200名(男、女各100名)、年龄在19岁~21岁的样本,探讨其体质健康的变化趋势.统计结果显示,体质及格者、良好者、优秀者的平均增长速度分别为2.4%、-1.2%、-1.9%.可见,大学生体质健康有逐年下降的趋势.建议学校认真落实健康第一的指导思想,加强对大学生的健康教育;对不良的生活方式进行干预. 相似文献