Contingencies of Self-Worth

Abstract— We argue that the importance of self-esteem lies in what people believe they need to be or do to have worth as a person. These contingencies of self-worth are both sources of motivation and areas of psychological vulnerability. In domains of contingent self-worth, people pursue self-esteem by attempting to validate their abilities and qualities. This pursuit of self-esteem, we argue, has costs to learning, relationships, autonomy, self-regulation, and mental and physical health. We suggest alternatives to this costly pursuit of self-esteem.     

对不同所有制卫生服务提供者评价的国际导向

不同所有制并存是世界范围内卫生系统共有的特征.随着不同所有制在卫生系统中份额的增加,尤其是私立卫生服务提供者的引入,如何对他们提供的服务和产生的影响进行评价,越来越引起研究者的关注.阐述了对不同所有制提供者进行评价的背景,呈现了目前对私立卫生服务提供者评价的不同观点,并介绍了国际实证研究的结果.     

Psychosocial Predictors of Psychological Distress in Taiwanese Secondary School Boys and Girls

This study was designed to investigate predictors of psychological distress in secondary school boys (n =779) and girls (n = 893) in Taiwan. Participants completed anxiety and depression scales as part of a larger study. Gender, GPA, parenting practices, self-esteem, and personality/satisfaction were significantly correlated with psychological distress. Significant gender differences were found in students' psychological distress, GPA, stereotyped thinking, academic self-expectations, parental expectations, parenting practices, and mother's education level. Stepwise regressions revealed that self-esteem was the only significant predictor for boys; it accounted for 40.9% of the variance in their psychological distress. GPA, family income, self-esteem, and parenting practices were significant predictors for girls; they accounted for 42.6% of the variance in girls' psychological distress. Research recommendations and educational implications are discussed.     

Reacting aggressively to injustice at work: a cognitive stage model

The present article develops a cognitive stage model of workplace aggression, which contends that aggressive reactions to perceived injustice are cognitively construed following three cognitive steps that include the assessment stage, the accountability stage, and the decision stage. These three cognitive stages are essential in understanding victims’ retaliatory actions against perpetrators of injustices. The model’s implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Improving judgmental forecasts with judgmental bootstrapping and task feedback support

This study examines the utility of two widely advocated methods for supporting judgmental forecasts—providing task feedback and providing judgmental bootstrapping support. In a simulated laboratory based experiment that focused on producing composite sales forecasts from three individual components, we compared the effectiveness of these two methods in improving final judgmental forecasts. In the presence of cognitive feedback task, feedback led to better forecasts than providing judgmental bootstrap forecasts. Simply providing bootstrap forecasts was of no additional benefit over a control condition. This was true in terms of the Brunswik Lens model measures of achievement, knowledge, and consistency, and in terms of forecast accuracy. This occurred both in stable environments and when special events (unusual one‐time events requiring adjustments to the forecasts) arose. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

牙髓病治疗过程的历史回顾与哲学思考

牙髓病的发生原因遵循多因素的模式,牙髓病的治疗方案的研究历程顺应该病发生原因研究进程和认识,在牙髓病治疗过程中体现了技术更新的跃进方式更新和渐进形式更新,说明一项新技术替代原有技术,实现了旧质向新质的转换,而疾病的防治需要科学的策略和措施.     

公共卫生的作用及政府职责

从20世纪人类健康的进步的贡献和2003年非典危机的爆发,都反映了公共卫生的作用,公共卫生投入对国家社会经济发展和政治及宏观经济的稳定具有不可忽视的作用和不可取代的贡献.理论研究和实证研究揭示了政府公共卫生投入与健康指标的关联,政府为全体人民提供基本公共卫生产品的必要性.而政府提供基本公共卫生服务和保障基本公共卫生产品供给的重要前提是确保政府预算对公共卫生的投入,使其对人民健康产生正向的积极促进作用.明确各级政府在公共卫生中的责任,实行分级管理和考核监督机制,是急待研究和解决的问题.进一步加大政府对公共卫生政府投入水平和改善投入机制,是今后强化中国政府公共卫生职责的一个突破口.     

孔子的医学与养生思想

孔子对鬼神持怀疑态度,不承认作为实体存在的鬼神.坚决反对鬼神致病说,对后世中医学的发展产生了积极影响.孔子达观的人生态度,使其举止行为无不合于养生之道,中庸是其养生之道的根本原则.     

影响城镇知识女性健康因素的调查

探讨影响知识女性健康的因素;自拟调查表,随机调查了359名城镇知识女性,用SPSS软件对调查资料进行了统计分析,城镇知识女性的健康与家庭因素和自身因素有关,家庭因素是影响知识女性健康的主要因素.     

对我国农村卫生改革中若干关系的思考

在农村卫生改革中,要确保公有制卫生机构的"主导"地位,把握其与合作医疗制度之间的内在联系,严格区别乡镇卫生院的产权与债权,处理好乡镇卫生院所有权与经营权、乡镇卫生院与村级卫生组织、农村居民与新型合作医疗之间的关系.