Impulsive behaviour in interpersonal encounters: Associations with quarrelsomeness and agreeableness

Associations between impulsivity and interpersonal behaviours have rarely been examined, even though impulsivity may disrupt the flow of social interactions. For example, it is unknown to what extent the commonly used Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) predicts impulsive behaviour in social situations, and how behaving impulsively during interpersonal encounters might influence levels of quarrelsomeness and agreeableness. In this study, 48 healthy working individuals completed the BIS‐11 and recorded their behaviour in social situations using event‐contingent recording. Record forms included items representing quarrelsome, agreeable, and impulsive behaviours. BIS‐11 motor impulsiveness scores predicted impulsive behaviour in social situations. Impulsive behaviour was associated, in different interactions, with both agreeableness and quarrelsomeness. Behaving impulsively in specific interactions was negatively associated with agreeableness in participants with higher BIS‐11 motor impulsiveness and positively associated with agreeableness in participants with lower BIS‐11 motor impulsiveness. Impulsive quarrelsome behaviour may cause interpersonal problems. Impulsive agreeable behaviour may have positive effects in individuals with low trait impulsivity. The idea that there are between‐person differences in the effects of state impulsivity on the flow of social interaction deserves further study.     

The lived experiences of individuals with Tourette syndrome or tic disorders: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies

There is a growing body of qualitative literature describing the lived experiences of people with tic disorders (TDs). The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of this literature, synthesizing the perspectives of individuals on their experiences. Meta‐synthesis methodology was utilized to review and draw together findings from 10 articles, from which key concepts were extracted, and over‐arching themes generated. Six themes were identified to encompass the experience of TDs, including (1) cultural, semantic issues of the condition; (2) negative experiences in organizations and treatment; (3) the value and negative impact on interpersonal relationships; (4) personal identity in the constant presence of TDs; (5) concerns for the future; and (6) strategies to control and manage the observable presence of tics. Adaptive coping strategies were found to encompass continuous social adaptation, strategies to manage tics and social perceptions, self‐acceptance, advocacy, and support from others. The results highlighted the significant role of social and cultural issues related to understanding and stigma, which underpinned many of the lived experiences. Implications for clinical practice in supporting individuals with TDs were also highlighted.     

Validity of the German Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI‐G) in an Australian sample

Test anxiety (TA) is a prevalent issue among students that can result in deleterious consequences, such as underachievement. However, a contemporary measure that has been validated for use with Australian students seems to be lacking. This study, therefore, investigated the suitability of the German Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI‐G) for use with Australian university students. While the original TAI‐G contains 30 items and was designed to measure four factors (worry, emotionality, interference, and lack of confidence), differing factorial models have been supported in the literature using either the original or a shortened 17‐item version of the measure. These differing TAI‐G models were tested and compared in the current study via confirmatory factor analysis using 224 Australian university students. As expected, results supported the superior fit of the 17‐item four‐factor model. Additionally, the convergent validity of the measure was supported since measures of self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and general anxiety were all found to correlate significantly with the TAI‐G in the hypothesised directions. Finally, the finding that all of the TAI‐G subscales had acceptably high reliabilities led to the conclusion that the 17‐item TAI‐G is a valid and reliable measure of TA in an Australian university population.     

Predicting Compliance with Sanitary Behaviors among Students in Higher Education During the Second COVID-19 Wave: The Role of Health Anxiety and Risk Perception

To limit the spread of COVID-19, public authorities have recommended sanitary behaviors such as handwashing, mask-wearing, physical distancing, and social distancing. We recruited a large sample of higher education students in Belgium (N = 3201–3441) to investigate the role of sociodemographic variables, mental health, previous COVID-19 infections, academic involvement, and risk perception on adherence to these sanitary behaviors. This cross-sectional study took place during the second COVID-19 wave in Belgium, between February and March 2021. Analyses showed that living alone, being female, later in the academic curriculum, having higher general and health anxiety, higher academic involvement, and higher risk perception were positively associated with adherence to the four aforementioned sanitary behaviors. Conversely, previous infection with COVID-19 and having been quarantined were negative predictors. Our results show a set of predictors highly similar for the four sanitary behaviors. We discuss potential initiatives to increase adherence to sanitary behaviors in this group of highly educated youngsters.     

移动医疗视域下HIV/AIDS患者自我管理体验及需求的质性研究

采用目的抽样选取成都市、绵阳市及西昌市19名HIV/AIDS患者作为研究对象,采用描述性质性研究对研究对象进行半结构式访谈,对访谈结果进行主题分析,共提炼出一级主题5个：（1）患者有基于移动医疗的自我管理需求;（2）基于移动医疗自我管理平台期望载体及形式;（3）基于移动医疗的医疗或行为管理需求;（4）基于移动医疗的角色管理需求;（5）基于移动医疗的情绪管理需求。患者对基于移动医疗的自我管理平台有较高接受度。可设计开发易用性与隐私性强的移动医疗平台,通过提供疾病知识、线上诊疗、疾病监测与心理社会支持等功能,提升患者自我管理能力。

     

“公共卫生”的定义分析及其伦理内涵

在新冠疫情肆虐全球,人类面对的疾病威胁日趋严重的背景之下,为应对由此产生的一系列问题,对公共卫生伦理学的探讨变得愈加必要。但如何定义“公共卫生”尚存在较多争议。旨在阐述对“公共卫生”的宽泛定义及意义,并对宽泛定义“公共卫生”所招致的三种主要批判进行分析与回应,进一步挖掘其伦理内涵与现实意义。同时也提出了对“公共卫生”持宽泛界定时值得注意并需要在未来努力解决的问题,为后疫情时代的公共治理提供有益参考。

     

医务社会工作介入的灵性视角：理论、实践与展望

灵性健康被学者视为所有健康层面中最深沉、最核心的部分,可以支持和影响其他的健康层面。不过,在当前中国的医务社会工作实践中,灵性资源相对匮乏,还没有得到应有的重视。在不同历史时期,医务社会工作中的灵性视角有着多层次、多维度的丰富内涵。在医务社会工作实践中,灵性视角的运用体现在非线性的介入策略、丰富的实务技术,重视服务对象的生命意义问题。灵性视角具有独特的意义和价值,与医务社会工作有较强的契合性。在医务社会工作实务、研究和教育中,需要加强对灵性视角的理解和自觉应用。

     

新时代农村公共卫生政策的量化分析研究

基于“供给−需求−环境”分析模型,对中国2013年～2022年出台的242份农村公共卫生政策文件进行量化分析后发现,地区差异明显,东部、中部地区较东北部、西部地区的相关政策更多;从模型看制定供给端政策最多,需求端次之,环境端最少。从公共伦理学视角进行原因分析,提出农村公共卫生政策的公平正义有待提高、农村居民的公共利益应得到更充分维护、政策制定要符合中国式现代化可持续发展要求等政策建议,以不断完善我国农村公共卫生政策、推进农村公共卫生事业发展。

     

医保DIP改革与医疗服务供给的伦理思考：冲突与对策

区域点数法总额预算下的按病种分值支付（diagnosis-intervention packet,DIP）是当前国内医保支付方式改革的最大热点,但尚需完善。对医疗服务供给侧结构性改革的主要目标进行了梳理,以此为基础对DIP改革的潜在伦理问题进行了分析,认为DIP多劳多得的激励机制不利于机构间协作,控费导向支付机制不利于服务行为规范,等级系数设置和低费用偏好机制不利于机构服务能力提升。从制定连续服务支付策略、提高病种分组精细程度、统一各类医保支付政策及构建能力导向支付机制等方面提出了DIP改革的优化策略。

     

对人的存在的问题思考的中医健康观

基于现象学方法,以《黄帝内经》中提出的有关人的存在与心神的几个追问为线索,阐述了中医关于人是一个独特存在的三个命题：其一,人是自主的和有态度与行为选择自由的一种存在,人的行为决定了自己的期望寿命;其二,得神和守神是人之存在的本质特点,对于人类的疾病而言,调神和守神永远处于中医序贯治疗的首位;其三,精神不进,志意不治,是人病不可愈的根本原因,人可以通过自己意志的力量,去实现“气从以顺,各从其欲,皆得所愿”,达到“终其天年”期望寿命的目标。认为中医关于人存在本质的这些追问和回答迄今仍具有很强的科学价值和生存论上的意义。