中西方关于心理健康标准问题的探讨及对我们的启示

分析了国内外学者在制定心理健康标准时所作的探讨,提出了适应与发展应是心理健康考察的基本对象,对心理健康的评估应是对心理机能的评估,我国在制定心理健康标准时应借鉴西方的有关理论和经验。     

The development of a Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress: From limbic structures to behavioral medicine

This paper attempts to argue for a consistent trend in a research spanning more than fifty years, starting in the exciting neuroscience environment in the Anatomical Institute at the University of Oslo, and presently to be found as an active behavioral medicine unit in Bergen. The most comprehensive theoretical result is a systematic and formalized theory of stress, referred to as the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress, CATS for short ( Ursin & Eriksen, 2004 ). There are many roots, many related issues, and many scientists involved. There is no way to produce a complete story. However, one aspect is beyond discussion, the story started in the Neurophysiology laboratory in Oslo.     

An Application of MCDM in Water Resources Problems

In this paper a practical application of MCDM in water resources problems is presented. Based on a real project for Qinhuangdao water resources management sponsored by Qinhuangdao Municipality, we construct a set of models for inflow forecast, reservoir operations, water supply and allocation, and flood routing for system optimal operation and flood management. A stochastic dynamic programming (DP) model with a fuzzy criterion is proposed for monthly reservoir operations. A series of goal programming (GP) models is built for water supply and allocation on different planning and operating levels. The DP–GP models fulfil the optimal operation tasks of a water resources management decision support system (WRMDSS) for Qinhuangdao water resources management.     

Stepwise contouring of efficient criterion vectors for large-scale MOLP

In this paper a new method of presenting the overall (focused) structure of the efficient criterion vectors (N) for large-scale MOLP is proposed. The proposed algorithm ASEOV (approximation of the set of efficient objective vectors) determines the representative subset of N and ensures full coverage of N , with corresponding coverage precision indicated. ASEOV works in objective space directly and eliminates unnecessary computational effort at the collapsing extreme points of X , which are transformed to non-extreme points in objective space. The Tchebycheff metric is employed to measure the coverage precision. ASEOV allows a decision maker (DM) to control the determination procedure by assessing the coverage allowance for each criterion. When the DM's preference is available, ASEOV can focus contouring on the subset of N which fits with the extracted preference. Combined with proper interactive methods, this focused contour over N can reduce the DM's burden, inconsistency or cognitive bias in assessing his preference from which to derive the final best-compromise solution. An illustrative example is presented.     

Can Lutheran Theology and Virtue Ethics Be Friends?

Lutheran theology is generally suspicious of virtue ethics. This suspicion arises from (1) the Lutheran commitment to justification by faith in God's unconditional promise; and (2) Luther's corollary understanding of sin as existential self‐absorption. Some Lutheran theologians have sought to incorporate virtue ethics by using it as an orientation for Christian life, while making sure to avoid any contamination of the doctrine of justification by virtue ethics. My project is to consider the possibility of a mutual illumination and interaction between the doctrine of justification and virtue ethics’ focus on formation by habituation. As an aid in exploring this possibility I use the distinction in Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Ethics between the “ultimate” and the “penultimate.”     

Factors in the waning of muricide in the rat. II. Digging behavior

If each mouse killed by a rat is removed from the rat's home cage and replaced immediately by another, the decline in the rate of killing within the one-hour sessions is accompanied by an increase in digging in the woodchip bedding material. Deprivation of the opportunity to dig by removal of the bedding material results in a statistically significant increase in kill rate. Since no other behaviors monitored showed a similar increase with this manipulation, it appears that digging may be a mechanism important in the waning of muricide. Furthermore, digging may be, in some sense, a functional equivalent of killing.     

概率分布等值法及其应用

在项目反应理论框架下,根据已有文献提出了开发新的测验等值准则的方法,即许多准则都可以看成是通过对锚题上作答反应概率分布进行变换而导出。据此揭示了两个著名的等值准则——Haebara方法和Stocking-Lord方法之间的联系,并且导出了一个新的等值准则——余弦等值准则。为了讨论余弦准则的行为表现,开展了一系列Monte-Carlo模拟研究。模拟结果表明,余弦准则在多级评分模型GPCM上表现比Haebara方法和Stocking--Lord方法都好,而对GRM和2PLM,其表现不如Haebara,但可以和Stocking-Lord方法相提并论。这一发现提醒我们等值准则的选用是否恰当,不仅与等值系数所落的范围有关,而且还与项目反应函数（IRF）有更密切的关系     

Delimiting the concept of research: an ethical perspective

It is important to be able to offer an account of which activities count as scientific research, given our current interest in promoting research as a means to benefit humankind and in ethically regulating it. We attempt to offer such an account, arguing that we need to consider both the procedural and functional dimensions of an activity before we can establish whether it is a genuine instance of scientific research. By placing research in a broader schema of activities, the similarities and differences between research activities and other activities become visible. It is also easier to show why some activities that do not count as research can sometimes be confused with research and why some other activities can be regarded only partially as research. Although the concept of research is important to delimit a class of activities which we might be morally obliged to promote, we observe that the class of activities which are regarded as subject to ethical regulation is not exhausted by research activities. We argue that, whether they be research or not, all the activities that are likely to affect the rights and interests of the individuals involved and impact on the rights and interests of other individuals raise ethical issues and might be in need of ethical regulation.