Meaning Beyond Heroic Illusions? Transcendence in Everyday Life

Ernest Becker's theory of human evil is as devastating as it is incisive since he identifies the uniquely human capacity for transcendence as the source of evil. Anticipating our own death, we turn to elaborately constructed heroic illusions that give us meaning and the promise of immortality while treating those with different ideologies as opponents. This article summarizes Becker's interpretation of evil and discusses how transcendence is understood by contemporary thinkers such as Karl Rahner. It concludes by examining breakthroughs in personal relationships as transcendent experiences that are deeply meaningful but do not involve the construction of others as enemies.     

Effect of parent responsiveness on young athletes’ self-perceptions and thriving: An exploratory study in a Belgian French-Community

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parental responsive support (observed) and perceived parental responsive support on athletes’ self-perceptions and thriving.MethodsForty-one French-speaking Belgian individual sport athletes aged 12–15 years (M = 13.13, SD = 0.90) and one of their parent’s spent 10 min discussing three important athletes’ sport-related goals for the next season. The discussion was video-taped and coded to identify parents’ responsive support behaviors. After the discussion, athletes responded to a series of questionnaires measuring perceived parental responsiveness, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and thriving indicators (i.e., positive affect, vitality, life satisfaction, and health quality).ResultsThe results show that observed and perceived parental responsive support contributed to athletes’ proximal perceptions of self-efficacy. Both parental observed responsive support and athletes’ perceived parental responsiveness, mediated by athletes’ self-efficacy, were positively related to athlete’s self-esteem. Further, athletes’ perceived parental responsiveness was positively related with thriving while mediated in series by self-efficacy and self-esteem.ConclusionOverall, it appears that parents’ responsive support (observed) and athletes’ perception of responsive support are associated with positive self-perceptions and optimal wellbeing in young athletes. This study demonstrates that parents can provide responsive support to their children in the sport context. These results add further weight to suggestions that sport organizations should actively include, rather than exclude, parents in their processes.     

高校心理咨询师多重关系情境与决策类型的研究

为探索高校咨询师面临的多重关系伦理情境、决策过程,对访谈17名高校心理咨询师的资料进行分析。结果：常见情境主要包括接送礼物承载的新关系、来访者和咨询师除咨询关系外的师生关系、咨询师与和来访者有关的第三人有关系、咨询师在咨询室之外的场所偶遇来访者、来访者有咨询师的联系方式、来访者和咨询师有身体接触等。决策表现为两种：经验主导型,决策时未意识到处于伦理情境只凭经验决策;伦理主导型,决策时意识到处在伦理情境。结论：高校心理咨询存在一些特殊多重关系,心理咨询师需增加具有伦理意识的决策。     

父母教养方式与初中生网络受欺负行为的关系:一项追踪研究

以491名初中生为研究对象,对其网络受欺负行为进行为期2年的4次追踪测试,同时测试其父母教养方式。采用潜变量混合增长模型探讨初中生网络受欺负行为的多种发展轨迹,并分析父母教养方式的影响。结果发现：（1）在2年时间内,初中生网络受欺负行为呈显著下降趋势;（2）初中生网络受欺负行为存在两种下降趋势,即快速下降与慢速下降;（3）父亲拒绝、父亲过度保护与母亲拒绝这三种教养方式可增加两组初中生的网络受欺负行为,同时也可降低其网络受欺负行为的下降速度;（4）父亲情感温暖可显著预测快速下降组的初始水平和发展速度,母亲过度保护可显著预测慢速下降组的初始水平和发展速度,母亲情感温暖可显著负向预测慢速下降组的发展速度。上述结果证实父母教养方式对初中生网络受欺负行为发展轨迹的预测作用,支持了Kowalski网络欺负模型。     

儿童成长型思维干预的理论基础和实践走向

思维模式是人们关于智力是否可塑的内隐信念,是个体内隐意义系统的核心和组织者。个体的思维模式可以分为成长型思维和固定型思维,其中成长型思维有利于儿童学习动机、自我效能和心理韧性的发展。早期的儿童成长型思维干预主要采用面对面的方式,近年来线上的短时程干预得到了快速发展,进而促进了干预的规模化应用,干预的内容也从内隐智力理论拓展到内隐人格理论。对干预效果的评估显示,成长型思维干预能够对儿童学业发展和社会适应产生可持续的促进作用,且对学业困难群体作用更为显著。未来的研究应重视面向对象的干预程序开发,创建有利于成长型思维发展的环境,同时应注意避免实践中的简单化偏差。     

父母、同伴依恋与希望的相互作用模型:一项大学新生的追踪研究

为了考察父母、同伴依恋与希望的纵向关系,本研究以大学新生为研究对象,采用父母、同伴依恋问卷与希望量表,对1283名大一学生进行为期一年共三次的追踪研究。结果发现：（1）三次测量的父母、同伴依恋均与希望存在正相关;（2）交叉滞后模型表明,父母、同伴依恋与希望均存在相互影响的关系;（3）基于性别差异的分组模型分析表明,仅同伴依恋与希望的横断关系存在性别差异,女生相关系数显著大于男生。研究揭示,依恋与希望存在稳定的横向相关关系,并且依恋与希望存在相互预测的纵向关系。     

Perceptions of daily sacrifice motives: Accuracy,bias, outcomes,and moderators

The current study examined accuracy and bias in perceptions of a partner’s daily approach and avoidance sacrifice motives, associations of bias with daily sacrificer and perceiver relationship quality, and moderators of accuracy (gender, relationship length, daily stress). 94 cohabiting couples completed daily measures of sacrifice (N = 375 days), stress, relationship satisfaction, and closeness. People showed evidence of accuracy for partner sacrifice motives, but accuracy for approach sacrifice depended on relationship length. People underperceived partner sacrifice motives; underperception of approach sacrifice was associated with greater sacrificer closeness, while overperception of approach sacrifice and overperception of avoidance sacrifice was associated with greater perceiver closeness, although these effects were small. Gender and stress did not moderate tracking accuracy or mean-level bias.     

共情的双刃剑效应：COVID-19心理热线咨询师的继发性创伤应激和替代性创伤后成长

关注新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间的心理援助热线咨询师由共情带来的消极和积极影响及机制, 并探究从消极影响转变为积极成长的内在机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究以国内疫情期间, 776名在教育部华中师范大学心理援助热线平台上工作的咨询师(平均年龄42.57岁, 平均咨询经验12.44年)为研究对象, 使用问卷法测量热线心理咨询师的共情、正念、寻求意义、继发性创伤应激(Secondary Traumatic Stress, STS)和替代性创伤后成长(Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, VPTG)。采用潜变量结构方程模型进行分析, 结果发现：(1)咨询师的共情正向预测STS和VPTG; (2) 正念在共情和STS间起部分中介作用, 寻求意义在共情和VPTG间起部分中介作用; (3) 共情还可以分别通过STS、STS-寻求意义、正念-STS、正念-STS-寻求意义的中介路径对VPTG起正向预测作用。该结果提示要辩证看待共情带来的消极和积极影响, 关注从消极反应到积极成长的转变, 这不仅能够深化共情及其影响的理论, 还能为相关研究应用提供启示。