An Open Trial of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With an Adjunctive Mobile App for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and debilitating condition. Effective treatments exist, but they are time- and resource-intensive. This study tested the initial efficacy and acceptability of a novel treatment protocol designed to increase efficiency: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) taught in groups and through an adjunctive mobile app. Participants were 21 individuals with GAD who received six weeks of 2-hour group ACT sessions as well as access to an adjunctive ACT mobile app. Significant improvements occurred in worry, anxiety, social functioning, and depression as well as relevant processes (psychological inflexibility, anxiety-related cognitive fusion). In-the-moment improvements were also observed in symptoms and ACT processes immediately after completing mobile app sessions. Treatment was perceived as credible and acceptable overall. However, rates of reliable and clinically significant change were low, and app usage did not correlate with change in worry. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient, brief ACT group intervention combined with a mobile app may lead to improvements in GAD but may not be sufficient for clinically significant change. A detailed overview of the treatment is included, and guidance for clinicians interested in implementing this protocol is discussed.     

人类基因组计划及基因革命对伦理的挑战

人类基因组序列的测定和研究具有重大的科学价值和经济价值,同时,也带来一系列社会问题。基因组计划和基因革命对伦理造成了致命的冲击。人类基因商品化对公正原则提出了挑战;基因设计引发生命唯物化,引起了人类的尊严危机;优生运动有可能违背自主原则和平等原则。人类基因组计划应坚持那些体现了人类及其社会本性、价值和尊严的伦理原则即不伤害人、尊重人、有益于人、公正对待人,以及人与人之间互相团结等。     

民族刻板印象威胁效应

Steele和Aronson (1995)最早提出刻板印象威胁的概念,指出这种威胁使个体担心自己会验证所属群体的消极刻板印象.民族刻板印象威胁表现为个体行为表现下降并影响民族交往.民族刻板印象威胁效应的主要机制是工作记忆受损和不认同.通过提供内群体榜样和进行非评价性测试,可以有效地减轻刻板印象威胁效应.未来研究要准确界定种族、族群和民族的概念,考察民族刻板印象威胁与性别刻板印象威胁的区别,研究不同民族的刻板印象威胁效应.     

汉语双字复合词识别中语义、词类和构词法信息的激活

以90名中国大学生为被试,采用启动条件下的词汇判断任务,探讨了SOA在57ms、157ms和314ms条件下汉语双字复合词语义、词类和构词法等词汇信息激活的相对时间进程。结果表明,在57ms时语义信息已经被激活,在157ms时语义和词类两种信息均被激活,在314ms时激活了语义、词类和构词法三类信息。汉语双字复合词识别中最先激活语义信息,接着激活词类信息,构词法信息激活最晚。语义和词类信息激活后,随着SOA增加,其激活强度有增强的趋势。语义信息在整个词汇信息激活中占有优势。     

最简群体范式的操作、心理机制及新应用

最简群体范式作为研究群际关系的有效工具,受到社会心理学家广泛重视。除经典任务程序、随机分配程序外,新近发展出想象程序、记忆程序、自我卷入、计算机模拟群体互动模式等分类操作。最简群体范式具有随机性、完全匿名性和无关自我功利性等特点,可以从群体推断自我、自我推断群体及社会认同整合三个视角解释其心理机制。目前,最简群体范式在社会认知加工、社会心理偏好、社会互动行为及神经生理反应等领域开始广泛应用。     

小组治疗对2型糖尿病患者生活质量和临床指标的影响

观察小组治疗对2型糖尿病患者生活质量及糖代谢的影响。将67名2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。两组均给以降糖药物治疗,实验组并给予小组干预。每位患者均于治疗前、治疗后3个月末和5个月末检测糖代谢指标,治疗前和治疗后5个月末测查健康调查简表（SF-36）。结果为实验组临床指标改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）,实验组与对照组相比生活质量明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论认为小组治疗对改善糖尿病患者生活质量和糖代谢情况有着积极作用。     

Forced migration, adolescence, and identity formation

Adolescence is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon. All the inner-subjective changes in adolescents take place within the context of a specific social environment, which offers the necessary ideological setting that adolescents must confront in the course of their identity formation. Forced migration creates conditions under which the adolescent Ego may be traumatized more easily, resulting in the development of defensive mechanisms, which may interfere with the natural process of identity formation. The aim of this paper is to investigate how a traumatic situation such as forced migration may affect the mechanisms of identity formation in adolescence. For this purpose, clinical material, consisting of two cases of psychoanalytical psychotherapy of adolescents who were forced to immigrate to Greece, is presented and discussed in a psychoanalytical theoretical framework, along with the historical-sociological background.Dimitris C. Anagnostopoulos, M.D., is a child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Community Mental Health Center, Psychiatric Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Maria Vlassopoulos, Ph.D., is at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Community Mental Health Center, Psychiatric Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Helen Lazaratou, M.D., is at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Community Mental Health Center, Psychiatric Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.     

多水平导师指导行为对员工结果的影响机制

作为一种促进员工社会化和职业发展的工具, 导师制已在各类企业中得到了广泛应用。然而, 近些年员工工作需求以及组织工作方式的变化分别对导师指导行为的作用结果和指导内容产生了冲击。一方面, 传统导师指导行为作用的研究大多限于员工职业结果; 另一方面, 传统导师制的研究仍停留在一对一的指导, 忽略了针对徒弟群体的指导。为此, 将在现实观察和理论回顾的基础上, 首先提出多水平导师指导行为的概念, 包括为徒弟群提供“一致性”指导的“群体水平指导行为”与为单个徒弟提供“差异化”指导的“个体水平指导行为”; 然后, 检验自我效能与群体认同在多水平导师指导行为对徒弟个体和徒弟群体的工作绩效与非职业结果影响的中介机制, 以及不同水平导师指导行为对徒弟(群)结果的跨层交互效应。以期填补过去导师制在作用结果(仅仅关注职业结果)和指导内容(忽略群体水平)研究上的不足, 并为企业有效实施导师制提供启示与帮助。     

蒙汉族大学生父母教养方式、成人依恋与心理困扰的关系研究

通过整群抽样方法抽取了576名大学生,对其施测父母养育方式量表、亲密关系体验量表和心理困扰量表,运用结构方程模型技术,分别考察了父母养育方式的蒙汉族差异以及成人依恋模式在父母养育方式和心理困扰间的中介作用。结果表明:(1) 蒙古族父母对孩子的关爱程度和给孩子的自主性要显著高于汉族;(2) 汉族的成人依恋模式在父母过度保护与抑郁-焦虑-压力之间起着部分中介作用,而蒙古族成人依恋的中介作用不明显,但母亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会导致个体依恋回避和依恋焦虑,父亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会影响个体的抑郁和焦虑,母亲的过度保护和父亲的冷漠拒绝会影响个体的压力。     

MOURNING IN THE PSYCHOANALYTIC SITUATION AND IN SHAKESPEARE'S THE TEMPEST

Recognizing that mourning builds psychic structure, the author highlights the ubiquitous and essential nature of mourning in the psychoanalytic situation. Reality testing is intimately connected to mourning and is the warp on which psychic structure is woven in the analytic situation. Reality testing necessarily involves opportunities for mourning and thus will be present in every analytic hour. The confrontation with reality is the basis for all processes of mourning, or for creating defenses against this painful experience. The author views mourning as fundamentally a transformational process, and Shakespeare's The Tempest is used to illustrate this aspect of mourning.