Sex and aggression during rhesus monkey group formation

Observational data from 16 newly formed social groups of rhesus monkeys were analyzed to identify patterns of behavior that correlated with the frequency and intensity of aggression directed toward females. The results revealed significant correlations between heterosexual behavior and female-female noncontact aggression and between female homosexual behavior and female-female contact aggression. The role of female homosexual behavior and its relationship to aggression in the formation of new groups is discussed.     

The introduction of a group of alien mice (Mus musculus L.) into hierarchically organized groups of five male mice

Groups of 3 male or female Mus musculus were introduced into hierarchically organized colonies of 5 male mice for a period of 8 days. The colonies were of 2 kinds; high-level aggressive (HLA), which had been set up 3 days prior to the introduction of the aliens, and low-level aggressive (LLA), which had been established for 21 days before strangers were introduced. Both males and anestrous females were attacked, but males were attacked 5 times more frequently than females. In HLA colonies most of the attacks on the aliens were by the dominant; in LLA colonies there was no difference in the behavior of dominant and subordinate mice toward strangers. Both aggression toward aliens and intracolony aggression declined over the 8 day experimental period. In HLA colonies the dominant mouse mounted females 5 times more frequently than did either his subordinates or male mice in the LLA colonies. In HLA colonies aliens huddled with subordinates to form a single colony with 1 dominant and 7 subordinates. In LLA colonies alien males remained as a discrete group spatially separated in the cage. Female aliens were incorporated into the main colony. In all cases dominant male mice made more attacks on aliens as compared with familiar mice.     

歧视知觉对流动儿童群体幸福感的影响及内部机制

采用整班联系、自愿参与的方式对1350名北京市流动儿童进行问卷调查,考察学业领域和社会生活领域的歧视知觉对流动儿童群体幸福感的影响,以及流动儿童对所在群体的情感认同、认知认同和内群体地位感在这一过程中的影响作用。结果表明:(1)学业领域的歧视知觉对流动儿童的群体幸福感具有非常显著的消极影响;(2)社会生活领域的歧视知觉对流动儿童的群体幸福感也存在一定的消极影响,但其影响效应相对较弱;(3)学业领域的歧视知觉主要通过降低流动儿童对其群体的情感认同和内群体地位感,间接降低其群体幸福感,不存在直接的影响效应;(4)社会生活领域的歧视知觉主要通过内群体地位感的中介效应间接地影响流动儿童的群体幸福感,同时也存在一定的直接影响效应。     

Response to Richard B. Miller's "Children, Ethics, and Modern Medicine"

In this essay, Paul Lauritzen examines Richard B. Miller's liberal account of pediatric ethics by asking if the duty to promote a child's basic interests is substantial enough to secure the well‐being of children. This question is raised in light of two case studies: daytime TV talk shows that broadcast interviews with sexually active children, and a medical study conducted to test the effect of growth hormone treatment on adult height in peripubertal children. In both cases, Lauritzen argues, children are subjected to potential harms that are not easily explained, and therefore not easily prevented, by appeals to basic interests.     

WAR, WOMEN, AND POLITICAL WISDOM

One of the most perceptive and ambidextrous social commentators of our day, Augustinian scholar Jean Bethke Elshtain furnishes in ever fresh ways through her writings a bridge between the ancient and the modern, between politics and ethics, between timeless moral wisdom and cultural sensitivity. To read Elshtain seriously is to take the study of culture as well as the “permanent things” seriously. But Elshtain is no mere moralist. Neither is she content solely to dwell in the domain of the theoretical. For it is Elshtain the citizen—the creatively engaged and contributing citizen—whom the reader encounters on virtually every page of her writings. But reader beware: Elshtain does not shy away from controversy. At the same time, she is anything but a controversialist. In the essay that follows, several prominent themes that emerge from Elstain's writings—civic responsibility, justice, gender, and war—are considered afresh. Whether one agrees with her positions or not, one is forced to confess in the end that she cares deeply about the common good. And this alone makes her required reading for any engaged citizen of the republic.     

EGO-LESS AGENCY: DHARMA-RESPONSIVENESS WITHOUT KANTIAN AUTONOMY

My critical focus in this article is on Rick Repetti's compatibilist conception of free will, and his apparent commitment to a Kantian conception of autonomy, which I argue is in direct conflict with the Buddhist doctrine of no-self. As an alternative, I defend a conception of ego-less agency that I believe better coheres with core Buddhist teachings. In the course of the argument, I discuss the competing conceptions of free agency and autonomy defended by Harry Frankfurt, John Martin Fischer, Christine Korsgaard, and David Velleman.     

群体决策质量评估方法及其在大学生和社区居民中的应用

社会心理服务体系建设要求用心理学理论和方法开展精细化社会治理, 而在多元主体共商共治的过程中出现了群体决策质量无法得到有效评估的问题。群体决策“过程-结果模型”认为应该从“双过程” (信息加工过程和人际互动过程)和“双结果” (客观结果和主观感受)两个方面综合评估群体决策质量。基于该模型建构的群体决策质量问卷自评法和录像他评法被应用于大学生和社区居民一些真实问题解决的群体决策质量评估。研究结果显示群体决策质量自评问卷效度良好, 适合作为群体决策质量的自评工具; 录像他评法与问卷自评法结果相互印证能够全面地反映群体决策质量, 可应用于更广阔的社会治理领域中。     

略论汉初士人在社会秩序建设中的作用

秦末农民大起义,推翻了秦王朝的残暴统治,打乱了封建统治秩序。汉政权建立后,致力于巩固政权,重建社会秩序,这其间士人群体做出了重要贡献。主要表现在三个方面:其一,建章立制,稳定社会。其二,制定和完善礼仪规范,制约社会成员的行为。其三,教化社会。部分士人入仕后担任政权的中下级官吏,他们在任期间,设立学校,教化民众,消除民众的反抗意识。同时严明法纪,为社会秩序的重建做出了种种努力。     

Teaching effective hand raising to children with autism during group instruction

We taught 3 children with autism to raise a hand or keep both hands down depending on their status (e.g., having heard a target word, possessing a specific item) using modeling, prompting, and reinforcement. All 3 children acquired accurate hand-raising skills in response to progressively more difficult discrimination tasks during group instruction. The implications for preparing children for general education settings are discussed.