La création d’animaux chimères porteurs d’organes humains

Generate a human organ in an animal in order to elaborate a stock of available organs for transplantation… This is not the scenario of a science fiction movie but the result of the hard work of some researchers convinced of the feasibility of this major innovation. If the interest of this discovery is undeniable, it generates also many ethical and legal questions.     

Exploratory analysis of contingency tables by loglinear formulation and generalizations of correspondence analysis

Goodman's (1979, 1981, 1985) loglinear formulation for bi-way contingency tables is extended to tables with or without missing cells and is used for exploratory purposes. A similar formulation is done for three-way tables and generalizations of correspondence analysis are deduced. A generalized version of Goodman's algorithm, based on Newton's elementary unidimensional method is used to estimate the scores in all cases.This research was partially supported by National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant No. A8724. The author is grateful to the reviewers and the editor for helpful comments.     

Can Bioethics be Lutheran?

Abstract :  A Lutheran bioethics must rest on a reconstructed version of Martin Luther's ethics. In the article it is shown that this ethics is Christian in that it has faith in Jesus Christ as its source. But the ethics of neighbor love is practiced in the secular world where it to some extent corresponds with natural law ethics. A Christian believer acts ethically both as an individual and as a citizen. Against the background of this understanding of Lutheran ethics, the position of Ted Peters and Gilbert Meilaender on genetics and stem cells is presented and criticized. One conclusion is that there is no Lutheran doctrine on the status of the human embryo.     

胚胎干细胞源性配子细胞的诞生对伦理学的冲击

胚胎干细胞在伦理学界引发的争论尚未平息,胚胎干细胞源性配子的诞生又在更深层次对伦理学产生了新的冲击.ESDG将在解决人类生殖问题中作出重要贡献,特别是给合法结婚的同性恋者带来了拥有带有自身遗传性状后代的希望.但是,这方面的进展势必会与伦理学产生冲突,并且有多方面的伦理问题需要人类慎重考虑.     

伦理,胚胎和干细胞研究

道德是关于规则、直觉、理解和观点的一个复杂系统。而后者影响着我们相互间处理事务的方式。它们交叉地渗入我们的道德思考。这种思维与胚胎、干细胞的伦理密切相关,因为胚胎和干细胞涉及我们对与治疗和移植组织有关的人的生命及其启始问题。就像在许多对待生命及其可以阐释的研究方法方面,要有一个道德的思辩历程一样,解决这些问题,部分地需要讨论,部分地需要回答。只有在我们认定这种讨论能够融入应用干细胞治疗的胚胎及其类源和人体组织的使用中时,我们才会清楚,大多数人体不同部位的干细胞应用是经过了对人的生命启始、我们儿童、家庭进行了思考。     

Individually constructed criteria for perception of urban transportation means – An approach based on Kelly’s personal construct theory

Understanding of acceptance of electric mobility has been typically discussed by a comparison of vehicles with different types of propulsion engines, battery electric vehicles and vehicles with an internal combustion engine. Nevertheless, electric mobility comprehends a combination of public transport and electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to understand peoples’ outlook on electric mobility by identifying shared aspects of the assessment of battery electric vehicles and different user perspectives on transportation. A special research design in the form of repertory grids provides an opportunity to study the underlying causes of the cognitive perceptions and emotions relating to electric mobility. Cognitive interviews motivate respondents to reflect beyond the insights provided by standard forms of interview. Especially for the topic of battery electric vehicles, prejudices - for instance, those propagated by the media - are discarded and the actual requirements and patterns of mobility become visible. The special tasks involved in the interviews lead, for example, to deliberation on how to integrate battery charging processes into existing mobility patterns.This special method reveals that individuals take an interest in more characteristics of modes of transport than those that are usually analysed when researching electric mobility. In addition, three anticipation clusters can be identified for individuals with a higher affinity for cars. First, the perception of battery electric vehicles shows high levels of similarity to cars with internal combustion engines and that differentiating between types of engines is meaningless. Second, battery electric vehicles are perceived as a part of urban public transport. Third, battery electric vehicles are viewed as similar to pedelecs and segways, whereas questions of range, innovation and environmental aspects play a greater role in perceptions. These results lead to the conclusion that when studying the acceptance of BEVs, a comparison between cars with internal combustion engines and battery electric vehicles is not sufficient to grasp the complete user perspective. An analysis within the framework of a wider range of modes of transport is required in order to address people’s transportation needs.     

胰岛细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病现状与未来

自2000年加拿大Edmonton报道了7例1型糖尿痛患者施行胰岛细胞移植术成功以来,越来越多的人把注意力投向了胰岛细胞移植的领域。然而,临床移植工作的成功开展还面临两大困难,一方面现有的胰岛细胞来源已经远远不能满足临床移植的需要,另一方面,现有免疫抑制方案造成了很多副作用。近年来,科技工作者正在探索新的途径,寻找新的胰岛来源。特别是包括体外重编程干细胞（iPS）、调节性T细胞和脐血干细胞在内的多种新技术的研究工作取得了许多进展,将为我们提供更多的选择,有可能成为今后的发展方向。本文就胰岛细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病的现状与未来展望进行简要的综述。     

噻唑烷二酮类药物在1型糖尿病治疗中的价值

噻唑烷二酮类药物（TZD）已在2型糖尿病中广泛应用。鉴于TZD具有增加胰岛素敏感性、抗炎症、调节免疫等作用,对它在1型糖尿病中的应用价值亦有探讨,这有助于指导实践和进一步研究。     

胚胎干细胞研究面面观

人胚胎干细胞来自具有发育成一个个体潜力的人胚胎,其研究引发了一场伦理大辩论。就胚胎干细胞的概念、人胚胎干细胞研究将带给人类的巨大效益和研究所面临需要解决的技术难题,进行了重点阐述,提出了科学技术的发展是解决伦理争议的根本手段。