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31.
We present a typology of mind‐matter correlations embedded in a dual‐aspect monist framework as proposed by Pauli and Jung. They conjectured a picture in which the mental and the material arise as two complementary aspects of one underlying psychophysically neutral reality to which they cannot be reduced and to which direct empirical access is impossible. This picture suggests structural, persistent, reproducible mind‐matter correlations by splitting the underlying reality into aspects. In addition, it suggests induced, occasional, evasive mind‐matter correlations above and below, respectively, those stable baseline correlations. Two significant roles for the concept of meaning in this framework are elucidated. Finally, it is shown that the obtained typology is in perfect agreement with an empirically based classification of the phenomenology of mind‐matter correlations as observed in exceptional human experiences. 相似文献
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33.
Previous studies have found that differences in brain volume among older adults predict performance in laboratory tasks of executive control, memory, and motor learning. In the present study we asked whether regional differences in brain volume as assessed by the application of a voxel-based morphometry technique on high resolution MRI would also be useful in predicting the acquisition of skill in complex tasks, such as strategy-based video games. Twenty older adults were trained for over 20 h to play Rise of Nations, a complex real-time strategy game. These adults showed substantial improvements over the training period in game performance. MRI scans obtained prior to training revealed that the volume of a number of brain regions, which have been previously associated with subsets of the trained skills, predicted a substantial amount of variance in learning on the complex game. Thus, regional differences in brain volume can predict learning in complex tasks that entail the use of a variety of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes. 相似文献
34.
顿悟与源事件中启发信息的激活 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
采用先学习源事件、后进行顿悟问题解决的两阶段实验范型,探讨了大学生解决九点四划问题的成功顿悟与源事件中所包含的启发信息提取之间的内在联系。结果发现,在顿悟问题解决阶段,只有激活学习阶段所获得的源事件中所包含的启发信息,才能成功解决顿悟问题。但并非所有激活源事件的被试都能成功解决九点四划问题,这取决于从源事件中所提取的启发信息的质量。研究结果还表明,内隐学习组与外显学习组正确解决九点问题的人数百分比差异并不显著,证明源事件中所包含的启发信息的激活,可能主要是自动加工的结果。 相似文献
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We present a model of a fundamental property of consciousness as the capacity of a system to opt among presented alternatives. Any system possessing this capacity is “conscious” in some degree, whether or not it has the higher capacity of reflecting on its opting. We argue that quantum systems, composed of microphysical particles, as studied by quantum mechanics, possess this quality in a protomental form. That is, such particles display the capacity to opt among alternatives, even though they lack the ability to experience or communicate their experiences. Human consciousness stands at the opposite end of the hierarchy of conscious life forms as the most sophisticated system of which we have direct acquaintance. We contend that it shares the common characteristic of a system capable of opting among alternatives. Because the fundamental property of consciousness is shared by human beings and the constituents of elementary matter in the universe, our model of consciousness can be considered as a modified form of panpsychism. 相似文献
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38.
Gohichi Tanaka Shin Kawana† Yukihiro Sawada Ken-ichi Yamakoshi†† 《The Japanese psychological research》2002,44(2):91-98
Abstract: This study examined estimates of finger vascular tone, obtained from photoplethysmography. Normalized and double‐normalized pulse volume (NPV and DNPV), blood volume (BV), and pulse volume (PV) were obtained in 2 male and 7 female middle‐aged patients at an outpatient office 1–3 days before an operation and in the operating room before and after anesthesia by propofol. There was a preoperative decrease in NPV, and the propofol injection yielded a moderate increase in BV. The latter seemed to contribute to a decrease in DNPV. A partial correlation controlling for body mass index was observed between the change in NPV and the dose of propofol; a larger reduction in NPV before anesthesia compared with the control condition was accompanied by the need for a greater infusion of propofol for sedation. In conclusion, among the measures examined, NPV appears to be the best indicator of heightened arteriolar vascular tone. 相似文献
39.
One advantage of living in a social group is the opportunity to use information provided by other individuals. Social information
can be based on cues provided by a conspecific or even by a heterospecific individual (e.g., gaze direction, vocalizations,
pointing gestures). Although the use of human gaze and gestures has been extensively studied in primates, and is increasingly
studied in other mammals, there is no documentation of birds using these cues in a cooperative context. In this study, we
tested the ability of three African gray parrots to use different human cues (pointing and/or gazing) in an object-choice
task. We found that one subject spontaneously used the most salient pointing gesture (looking and steady pointing with hand
at about 20 cm from the baited box). The two others were also able to use this cue after 15 trials. None of the parrots spontaneously
used the steady gaze cues (combined head and eye orientation), but one learned to do so effectively after only 15 trials when
the distance between the head and the baited box was about 1 m. However, none of the parrots were able to use the momentary
pointing nor the distal pointing and gazing cues. These results are discussed in terms of sensitivity to joint attention as
a prerequisite to understand pointing gestures as it is to the referential use of labels. 相似文献
40.
俞吾金 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):400-416
For a long time, under the influence of traditional Western philosophy, Orthodox interpreters have distorted Marx’s philosophy
as the ontology of matter, thereby concealing the essence of Marx’s philosophy, and eliminating the fundamental difference
between Marx’s philosophy and traditional philosophy. This paper proposes that Marx’s philosophy is not the ontology of matter,
but on the contrary, by examining the ontology of matter, Marx put forward his own ontological theory, i.e., the ontology
of the praxis-relations of social production, by which Marx linked the realms of phenomenon and essence, revealing the content
and essence of his philosophy.
__________
Translated by Kong Hui from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (3): 3–11 相似文献