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191.
192.
Brodsky W 《Cognitive processing》2005,6(2):117-127
This study explores tempo stability and accuracy while comparing two subject-response modes: the traditional metronomic pendular
adjustment task versus tap-tempo input. Experiment 1 questioned if a single correct tempo measurement consistently emerges
from repeated listenings, and if subject-response mode affects tempo stability and accuracy. Experiment 2 assessed incremental
improvement between two repeated sessions, and questioned the incidence of self-pacing or congruent effects of potential delays
on tempo responses. While single-session studies have shown that listeners find some tempos more enjoyable, can notice discrete
differences in pace, and can remember rhythmic speed over prolonged periods of time, the current study employs a multiple-session
format focusing on two diametrically opposed subject-response modes. The findings show that tempo responses by listeners without
formal music training were consistent across listening sessions, and that responses from tap-tempo input were significantly
more stable and accurate than responses from metronomic pendular adjustment tasks. 相似文献
193.
194.
John F. Teare Robert E. Larzelere Gail L. Smith Christina Y. Becker Lynn M. Castrianno Roger W. Peterson 《Journal of child and family studies》1999,8(1):59-69
Youth discharged from a short-term residential facility and reunified with their parents were contacted at least one year after discharge to determine whether or not they had a disruption in their placement since reunification. Follow-up intervals of 149 youth contacted (82% of the eligible sample) ranged from a minimum of 12 months to a maximum of 30 months post-discharge. Differences in the time to placement disruption were analyzed using survival analysis techniques. After controlling for adjustment differences during the treatment program, youth behavior problems, and family problems, a significant interaction of youth age and treatment intensity was found: Compared to the others, younger youth who received additional treatment components had placement disruptions later and less frequently. 相似文献
195.
Doug Symons Sharon Clark Gudny Isaksen Jocelyn Marshall 《Infant behavior & development》1998,21(4):785-791
The current report demonstrates reliability and stability of Q-sort attachment security in a sample of 46 mothers and their children seen by two observers at age two and again at age four to six years. Security scores were correlated between ages (r=.44), and a high proportion of item-by-item correlations between ages were also significant. 相似文献
196.
Donald P. Hartmann Brenda L. Roper David C. Bradford 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1979,1(1):3-21
Psychometric principles and procedures were developed within the context of traditional approaches to assessment. In order to illustrate the frequent, if not uniform, applicability of these principles to behavior assessment, we first discuss the differences and similarities between traditional and behavioral assessment. We then point out ways in which, given the nature of behavior assessment, attention to certain psychometric principles and procedures would expedite the development of more adequate behavior assessment devices and procedures. 相似文献
197.
Loeber R Drinkwater M Yin Y Anderson SJ Schmidt LC Crawford A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2000,28(4):353-369
Research has demonstrated the stability of juvenile offending during childhood and adolescence but generally has not focused on the continuity of family interactions associated with juvenile offending. The present report focused on the stability of several family interaction events and attributes (i.e., physical punishment, communication, supervision, positive parenting, and parent–child relationship) for a large sample of male adolescents and their primary caretakers, drawn from a multiyear longitudinal study that represented middle childhood through late adolescence (ages 6–18). We also assessed the impact of ethnicity, family composition, teenage motherhood, and youth delinquency on these interactions. Test–retest correlations and growth-curve analyses were used to assess relative and absolute stability of the interactions, respectively. As predicted, relative stability of family interaction was high. There was an absolute change in scores of physical punishment (decreased) compared to poor supervision and low positive parenting (both increased), whereas poor communication and bad relationship with the caretaker did not measurably change with age. Single-parent families and families with teenage mothers experienced significantly worse interactions over time than did families consisting of two biological parents present in the household. These findings are discussed in relation to the development of juvenile offending. 相似文献
198.
Emerging evidence suggests that scapular-focused therapeutic exercises hold promise for shoulder dynamic stability retraining. While recent findings show that therapeutic exercises can alter scapular neuromuscular function measured with muscle electromyography, no study has yet addressed the effects of kinematic biofeedback for improving scapulothoracic control and performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of kinematic biofeedback on motor relearning transfer during shoulder flexion and a daily activity, on the quality of scapular-focused exercise performance, and on execution time. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly distributed into two groups. Skin mounted electromagnetic sensors were used to collect kinematic data of the thorax, scapula and humerus while subjects performed a shoulder flexion and a daily activity, prior to and after scapular-focused exercises. For both groups, the exercise execution error and the execution time determined the scapulothoracic control and performance. Significant statistical differences were found in the exercise execution error results within the experimental group (z = 5.313; p = 0.037) and between groups (u = 37.00; p = 0.001; u = 64.00; p = 0.024). This study’s results demonstrate that real-time kinematic biofeedback improves scapulothoracic control and performance during scapular-focused exercise execution. 相似文献
199.
Reported differences between children and adults with respect to COM horizontal and vertical position to maintain dynamic stability during running deceleration suggest that this relationship may not be as important in children. This study challenged the current dynamic stability paradigm by determining the features of whole body posture that predicted forward velocity and momentum of running gait termination in adults and children. Sixteen adults and 15 children ran as fast as possible and stopped at pre-determined location. Separate regression analyses determined whether COM posterior and vertical positions and functional limb length (distance between COM and stance foot) predicted velocity and momentum for adults and children. COM posterior position was the strongest predictor of forward velocity and momentum in both groups supporting the previously established relationship during slower tasks. COM vertical position also predicted momentum in children, not adults. Higher COM position in children was related to greater momentum; consistent with previously reported differences between children and adults in COM position across running deceleration. COM vertical position was related to momentum but not velocity in children suggesting that strategies used to terminate running may be driven by demands imposed not just by velocity, but also the mass being decelerated. 相似文献
200.
Valerie Tiberius 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2002,5(3):339-354
Practical reasoning, reasoning about what to do, is a very familiar activity. When we think about whether to cook or to go out for dinner, to buy a house or rent, or to study law or business, we are engaged in practical reasoning. If the kind of reasoning we engage in is truly a rational process, there must be some norms or standards that govern it; the process cannot be arbitrary or random. In this paper I argue that one of the standards that governs practical reasoning is the stability standard. The stability standard, I argue, is a norm that is constitutive of practical reasoning: insofar as we do not take violations of this norm to be relevant considerations, we do not count as engaged in reasoning at all. Furthermore, I argue that it is a standard we can explicitly employ in order to deliberate about our ends or desires themselves. Importantly, this standard will not require that some ends are prescribed or determined by reason alone. The stability standard, therefore, allows us to retain some of the attractive features of instrumentalism without accepting the implication that there is no rational way to evaluate ends. 相似文献