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181.
Lawrence Cahoone 《Zygon》2009,44(4):777-796
This essay explores a simple argument for a Ground of Being, objections to it, and limitations on it. It is nonsensical to refer to Nothing in the sense of utter absence, hence nothing can be claimed to come from Nothing. If, as it seems, the universe, or any physical ensemble containing it, is past‐finite, it must be caused by an uncaused Ground. Speculative many‐worlds, pocket universes and multiverses do not affect this argument, but the quantum cosmologies of Alex Vilenkin, and J. B. Hartle and Stephen Hawking, which claim that the universe came from literally nothing, would. I argue that their novel project cannot work for reasons both physical (their “nothing” is actually a vacuum state governed by eternal physical laws) and methodological (physical theory cannot explain the emergence of the physical per se). Thus my argument stands. However, as David Hume showed, a posteriori arguments like mine infer a creation, and Creator, of a certain character, namely, a stochastic concept of creation and a panentheistic, partly physical Creator lacking omniscience and omnipotence. Rather than undermining the cosmological argument, as Hume intended, these limitations liberate the concept of the Ground from unnecessary problems, as Hartshorne suggested. 相似文献
182.
STEPHEN M. SONNENBERG WILLIAM A. MYERSON 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(1):203-217
In this contribution, the authors defi ne and discuss the educational boundary in analytic training, which they believe is an often neglected and useful concept in psychoanalytic education. The framework on which their discussion rests includes the recent attention of psychoanalysts to issues of boundaries and ethics. Their understanding of how clinical work affects the mind of the analyst educator, as well as the ways the personalities of various analysts affect their dealings with faculty peers and students, are the other cornerstones of their discussion. The authors contend that many of the institutional problems encountered in the training of analysts can be better understood when viewed through the prism of the educational boundary. They present examples which illustrate several of the ways psychoanalytic educators complicate the training experience of candidates, offer specifi c explanations as to why analysts struggle as they try to manage their educational interventions, and indicate in a discussion of potential remedies that those behaviors might be avoided if the educational boundary is in focus. They also provide an example of how the educational boundary can be more effectively managed. 相似文献
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184.
P. Weinberger 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(7):405-410
De Broglie's contribution in the Philosophical Magazine from 1924 is fascinating from many standpoints: for its moderate use of mathematics, the close connection to Einstein's special theory of relativity, and of course for the proposal of matter waves. We revisit this mostly speculative publication, which contributed crucially to the birth of quantum mechanics. 相似文献
185.
We have combined high-angle annular dark field/scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) tomography with bright field (BF)-TEM tomography to characterize small inclusions of Pb at a grain boundary in Al. It was found that the shape of the grain boundary inclusions is more complex than previously thought. By using moiré fringes observed at some orientations of the specimen in a BF-TEM tomographic tilt series, we were able to determine the orientation of each grain, the axis and angle of misorientation of the grain boundary, and the facet planes of the grain boundary inclusions. The 3D shape of the inclusions was determined by merging this information with the HAADF-STEM tomography. 相似文献
186.
Various processing routes were applied to as-cast magnesium during equal channel angular pressing with back-pressure (BP) at room temperature (RT). Multiple passes with BP resulted in crack-free microstructures independent of the processing route. Microstructure and texture examination by electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction techniques after four passes revealed largely recrystallised grains. The most profound finding was the formation of special grain boundaries Σ13a and {10-12} twin boundaries during recrystallisation at RT. 相似文献
187.
Javiera Barandiaran 《Science as culture》2013,22(3):251-275
AbstractIn 1990, Chile transitioned to democracy after 17 years of military rule. The new democracy built the country's first environmental institutions and began efforts to revitalize science, among them attempts to connect scientific expertise to public decision-making. Just over a decade into these efforts, conflicts over the environmental impacts of large industrial projects began to multiply. These environmental conflicts were often also credibility contests, where the authority of science to speak to public issues was contested. Two such conflicts, a gold mine called Pascua Lama and a hydroelectric project called HidroAysén, enrolled several scientific teams, yet in each case the state made its final decision on each project autonomously from science. Though some scientists became central participants in each conflict, carving out for themselves access to needed resources that they used to practice ever-narrower forms of science, their credibility was called into question by many of their scientific colleagues. Chile's scientific community fractured over how to define credible science. Divisive and decisive issues included the source of funding, ethics, access to resources, and being local. Although some scientists and non-scientists used boundary work to try to affirm the authority of science, no stable map of scientific credibility resulted from these efforts. Chile's new democracy is more plural than its recent military dictatorship but still lacks adequate spaces in which to negotiate what counts as credible science. These experiences highlight the need to better understand how science fares through regime transitions and what it contributes to emerging democracies. 相似文献
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领导愤怒(leader anger)作为最常见、最易被感受到的工作场所负面情绪之一, 对于改善工作关系、行为和绩效具有显著影响。然而, 已有文献关于领导愤怒阻碍还是促进领导有效性的观点存在许多争议, 对于领导愤怒为什么以及何种条件下影响领导有效性的问题尚不明确。在回顾工作场所领导愤怒概念起源和内涵特点的基础上, 从消极效应和积极效应双刃视角厘清了工作场所领导愤怒的有效性, 基于情绪即社会信息理论阐释了工作场所领导愤怒有效性的双路径中介机制, 并从个体/团队/组织三层面分析了领导愤怒有效性的边界条件。未来研究应从工作场所领导愤怒的概念和结构测量、事件前因和后果、中介机制、情境因素、研究方法和研究层面等方面进一步拓展。 相似文献
190.
杜治政 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2014,35(8A):14-19
现代医学将治未病的理想变成了现实。对疾病危险因素的控制, 癌症前期病变的基因检测, ECT等高清晰度的影像技术对人体微细病变的勾画, 以及生命的正常过程、个人和社交问题的医疗化, 疾病诊断标准不停歇的放宽, 使得健康与疾病的界线愈来愈模糊, 医学进步到没有健康人了。区分生命正常过程与疾病的不同, 明确医学的边界, 避免医学对人体过度的破坏性的干预, 杜绝对医疗资源的浪费, 是当今医学迫需努力解决的课题。 相似文献