An Application of MCDM in Water Resources Problems

In this paper a practical application of MCDM in water resources problems is presented. Based on a real project for Qinhuangdao water resources management sponsored by Qinhuangdao Municipality, we construct a set of models for inflow forecast, reservoir operations, water supply and allocation, and flood routing for system optimal operation and flood management. A stochastic dynamic programming (DP) model with a fuzzy criterion is proposed for monthly reservoir operations. A series of goal programming (GP) models is built for water supply and allocation on different planning and operating levels. The DP–GP models fulfil the optimal operation tasks of a water resources management decision support system (WRMDSS) for Qinhuangdao water resources management.     

特质目标定向与变革型领导

对72家企业的203名管理人员的特质目标定向与变革型领导的关系进行了研究,结果表明,我国企业管理人员的特质目标定向对下属知觉变革型领导具有极其显著的预测力,而三种特质目标定向中,具有学习目标定向可以有效地预测下属将管理者知觉为变革型领导,回避目标定向和证实目标定向则对下属知觉变革型领导无预测力。     

课堂目标结构、个人目标取向、自我效能及价值与学业自我妨碍

以216名初中二年级学生为被试,采用协方差结构模型对成就目标、自我效能、价值与学业自我妨碍的关系进行研究。结果表明：课堂自我取向对学业自我妨碍有显著的正向预测作用;自我效能、内在价值和达成价值对学业自我妨碍有显著的负向预测作用。     

乳腺癌治疗的现代医学目的

乳腺癌的治疗方法的变化,恰好说明了传统医学目的与现代医学目的不是对立或相互排斥,而是辩证的统一.现代医学目的是以传统医学目的为基础和前提的,是继承和发展,是重新审视传统医学目的后提出来的.     

Aiming for career success: The role of learning goal orientation in mentoring relationships

Learning goal orientation of mentors and protégés was investigated as it relates to protégés’ mentoring functions received and outcomes (i.e., managerial career aspirations and career satisfaction). Data from 217 mentor-protégé dyads comprised of working professionals from a variety of industries were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results indicated that protégés who possessed high levels of learning goal orientation similar to their mentor were associated with the highest levels of psychosocial support. These protégés also reported higher levels of career development, idealized influence, enacted managerial aspirations, desired managerial aspirations, and career satisfaction when compared to mentor-protégé dyads who possessed low levels of learning goal orientation or dyads with dissimilar levels of learning goal orientation. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

无意识目标追求的行为特征、机制及影响因素

无意识目标追求是指个体自动地追求由情境线索激活的目标, 而全然不知目标对自己行为的导向作用。无意识目标追求具有灵活性、抑制性和坚持性。无意识目标追求经由行动的无意识准备和目标价值的自动评估与努力过程实现。积极情绪、内隐态度和人际关系影响无意识目标追求。未来研究需要进一步探讨无意识目标追求的影响因素, 完善无意识目标追求的机制, 探究无意识目标追求结果对个体心理和行为的影响, 提高研究结果的生态效度, 拓展应用研究。     

成就目标定向对学习倦怠的影响：学业自我效能的中介作用

采用问卷法调查了1139名初中生,运用结构方程模型探讨了学业自我效能在成就目标定向与学习倦怠关系中的中介效应。结果发现：(1) 学习目标定向和成绩接近定向与学习倦怠具有负向联系,而成绩回避定向与学习倦怠具有正向的关联;（2）学业自我效能在成就目标定向与学习倦怠的关系中起着一定的中介作用;在学习目标定向与学习倦怠、成绩接近定向与学习倦怠的关系中,学业自我效能起完全中介作用,且效果较为明显;而在成绩回避定向与学习倦怠的关系中,学业自我效能起部分中介作用,中介效应较弱。     

Mustering motivation to enact decisions: how decision process characteristics influence goal realization

Decision scientists tend to focus mainly on decision antecedents, studying how people make decisions. Action psychologists, in contrast, study post‐decision issues, investigating how decisions, once formed, are maintained, protected, and enacted. Through the research presented here, we seek to bridge these two disciplines, proposing that the process by which decisions are reached motivates subsequent pursuit and benefits eventual realization. We identify three characteristics of the decision process (DP) as having motivation‐mustering potential: DP effort investment, DP importance, and DP confidence. Through two field studies tracking participants' decision processes, pursuit and realization, we find that after controlling for the influence of the motivational mechanisms of goal intention and implementation intention, the three decision process characteristics significantly influence the successful enactment of the chosen decision directly. The the oretical and practical implications of these findings are considered and future research opportunities are identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高中生成就目标倾向与心理健康状态关系的研究

选取普高和职高的451名学生为研究对象,对高中生的成就目标状况及其与学生心理健康状态之间的关系进行了测查。结果表明,高中生学习目标倾向高于成绩目标倾向,其中,职高学生的学习目标倾向又高于普高学生。高学习目标倾向的学生比低学习目标倾向的学生心理健康状态更好,高成绩目标学生的情感特征较为消极。     

The trichotomous achievement goal model and intrinsic motivation: a sequential mediational analysis

This experiment was designed to extend the research by Elliot and Harackiewicz (1996) on the trichotomous achievement goal model in several important ways and to more thoroughly document the processes through which the goals in the trichotomous model influence intrinsic motivation. Results indicated that performance-avoidance goals undermined intrinsic motivation relative to performance-approach and mastery goals; the latter goals evidenced the same intrinsic motivation. These results were obtained using highly evaluative performance goal manipulations, with early adolescent participants, and for a motor task relevant to physical ability. Sequential mediational analyses revealed that competence valuation, state anxiety, and task absorption processes accounted for the observed effects. Perceived competence served neither mediating nor moderating roles.