Individual and social dimensions of Filipino students' achievement goals

Achievement goal theory assumes that self-instrumental (mastery) achievement goals are associated with academic achievement, whereas social-instrumental (performance) goals are not. However, research on Asian students shows that both mastery and performance-approach goals are positively related to achievement; possibly because achievement motivation in Asian cultures is socially oriented and not individually oriented. The current study explored the structure of the social and individual achievement motivation orientations, and how these achievement orientations and achievement goals were related to achievement of Filipino university students. The results showed two dimensions of social-oriented achievement motivations-parent-oriented and teacher-oriented motivations-and two dimensions of individual-oriented achievement motivations-personal performance standards and personal goal choice. However, these achievement motivation orientations were not associated with achievement. Instead mastery and performance-approach goals were both positively associated with academic achievement, personal performance standards, and parent-oriented achievement motivation.     

社会情绪选择理论概述

个体对未来时间的感知会影响其社会动机、社会目标追求、情绪管理以及认知过程, 研究者对此提出了社会情绪选择理论, 认为对未来生命中所剩时间的感知是个体动机的组成部分, 影响着社会目标的优先性选择。当知觉到未来时间非常有限时, 优先选择以情绪调节为目标; 反之, 则偏向选择以获取知识为目标。社会情绪选择理论概述介绍了相关的基本假设和理论要点, 对其主要研究领域进行述评, 并指出未来研究中值得注意的几个方面。     

行为执行意向的理论观点及其相关研究

执行意向是指个体以行动目标为导向,通过连接情景线索和目标导向反应,建立行为意向和实际行为之间联系的中介变量。通过梳理执行意向的概念、心理联系及应用研究,发现执行意向主要与行为意向、自我协调、合作性、计划提醒、自觉性、人格等变量产生心理联系;形成执行意向的人具有克服困难,达到既定目标的积极心理状态。然而,执行意向并不总是发挥其积极效应,其与具体情景、个体差异性等有关。最后,文章从四个方面对今后研究的热点与方向进行了展望。     

初二学生知觉到的教师期望、自我价值感与目标取向的关系研究

以274名初中二年级学生为被试,采用验证性因素分析和多元回归方法对教师期望、自我价值感及目标取向的关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)人口统计学变量(性别和班别)对教师期望、自我价值感及目标取向有影响。(2)教师期望与自我价值感和目标取向相关显著:积极效应与自我价值感及目标取向的各维度呈显著正相关,消极效应与自我价值感及目标取向各维度呈显著负相关。(3)在控制了人口统计学变量后,教师期望与自我价值感仍对目标取向各维度具有较强的预测作用。(4)自我价值感在教师期望对目标取向各维度的影响上起到了中介作用。     

"人造美女"热的冷思考

"人造美女"是对美的本质的亵渎,是对女性价值全面性的否定,同时也是对医学人道主义和医学伦理基本原则的全面践踏.作为一名医务工作者,应该避免经济利益的驱动,全心全意地践行医德誓言,把治疗伤疾、维护人们的身心健康作为自己的神圣信条和基本准则.     

成就目标相关研究评述

成就目标作为成就动机研究的前沿课题,日益受到重视。该文在成就目标分类的基础上,评析了成就目标与动机、认知、行为、情感间的相关研究,并提出了相应的假设模型。     

目标设置理论研究综述

该文主要介绍了目标设置理论的研究重点和主要的研究结果、目标设置理论的基本元素和高绩效循环模式,并总结了目标与满意感和性格的关系方面的研究结果。文章最后提出了目标设置理论的新的研究方向。     

Action Phases and Goal Setting: Being Optimistic After Decision Making Without Getting into Trouble

According to Gollwitzer's mindset theory, people in postdecisional action phases, who are about to implement a chosen action or goal, are supposed to be more optimistic than people in predecisional action phases, who are deliberating on different actions or goals (P. M. Gollwitzer, 1990). The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that postdecisional people are optimistic in a way that does not set them up for failure and disappointment. In three experiments it is shown that people who are in an implemental mindset neither set more demanding goals than do deliberative people nor do they inflate their performance predictions. Instead, they are more confident in reaching their goals and more cautious when predicting future performance. This behavior is interpreted in terms of a strategy that allows people to hold optimistic beliefs without facing the danger of exaggerated goal setting or a disconfirmation of their beliefs.     

Meaningful coping with chronic pain: Exploring the interplay between goal violation,meaningful coping strategies and life satisfaction in chronic pain patients

Trying to cope with chronic pain is a highly demanding and challenging task and pain patients often need to reformulate goals or aspirations due to their pain condition. This goal violation is often related with experienced distress and requires coping processes in order to decrease the distress and stimulate a healthy adaptation. Some scholars, however, argued that in so‐called unsolvable or irreparable stressors such as chronic pain, conventional coping strategies like problem‐focused coping might not be the most adaptive option. In these situations, meaningful coping strategies attempting to transform the meaning of the stressful experience would be more accurate. In this study, we aim to test if goal violation triggers meaningful coping strategies over time and whether engagement in these meaningful coping strategies result in improved life satisfaction, as an indicator of adaptation. A longitudinal three wave study in a sample of paint patients (n = 125) tests whether goal violation triggers positive reappraisal and downward comparison, two possible meaningful coping strategies. The study furthermore tests if engagement in these strategies results in a better adaptation to the pain condition, reflected in higher life satisfaction. Results partially supported our hypotheses by pointing to the benevolent role of downward comparison on life satisfaction via decreased goal violation of pain patients. Our findings however did also show that positive reappraisal predicted lower life satisfaction via increased levels of appraised goal violation which questions the role of positive reappraisal as a genuine meaningful coping strategy. Implications and limitations are discussed.