Financial aspirations,financial success,and overall life satisfaction: who? and how?

Nickerson et al. (2003, Psychological Science 14, pp. 531–536) demonstrated in a longitudinal study that the negative relation between aspirations for financial success and subjective well-being found by other researchers was mitigated by high household income. The present study first refined the analysis in Nickerson et al. (2003) and then explored two additional issues: (a) who aspires to financial success? and (b) how is financial success achieved? Analysis indicated that individuals with strong financial aspirations are socially inclined, confident, ambitious, politically conservative, traditional, conventional, and relatively less able academically, but not psychologically distressed. Financial success is achieved via the job and, for women only, via marriage. Financial aspirations influence job income both by influencing choice of occupation and by influencing job income within occupation; however, achieving financial success depends on having the personal resources to do so. Women with strong financial aspirations tend to marry for money (or money-making potential) regardless of their work status; men with strong financial aspirations do not.     

Development and Implementation of a Sport Psychology Program in an Urban High School

SUMMARY

This article is based on a dissertation of the author that was centered on the process of developing a sport psychology program at the high school level. The program was developed to address academic, mental, social, and emotional needs of student-athletes and coaches. This sport psychology program, which was developed in the Linden Public School District, a large urban district in New Jersey, may be the first such program documented on a national level. In this dissertation, the author, who was a school psychologist in the district, utilized a particular program planning and evaluation framework, with attention to the first two phases-clarification and designto develop and implement a sport psychology program.     

Neuroticism, extraversion, goals, and subjective well-being: Exploring the relations in young, middle-aged, and older adults

The positive association between intrinsic, as opposed to extrinsic, goal importance and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is well-documented. However, less is known whether these associations are consistent across age groups and when simultaneously considering personality traits. Structural equation models conducted with young, middle-aged, and older adults indicated that neuroticism was negatively related to SWB across age groups, while extraversion and intrinsic goal importance held age-differential associations: Extraversion was related to SWB in the two younger age groups, whereas in older adults only an indirect effect emerged via intrinsic goal importance. Intrinsic goal importance was related to SWB among young and older adults but not among middle-aged adults. These results underscore the importance of age-differential associations in determinants of SWB.     

The relationship between career growth and organizational commitment

This research examines the relationship between employees' career growth and organizational commitment. Career growth was conceptualized by four factors: career goal progress, professional ability development, promotion speed and remuneration growth, while organizational commitment was conceptualized using Meyer and Allen's (1997) three component model. Survey data, collected from 961 employees in 10 cities in the People's Republic of China, showed that the four dimensions of career growth were positively related to affective commitment, and that three of the facets were positively related to continuance and normative commitment. Only three of eighteen two-way interactions among the career growth factors affected organizational commitment, suggesting that the career growth factors influence commitment in an additive rather than a multiplicative manner.Results focus on how career growth can be used to manage organizational commitment.     

A型人格与“80后”大学生员工职业锚的关系研究

个性与人们职业选择和职业发展存在着密切关系,选择与人格相匹配的职业锚,不仅有助于个体合理规划自身的职业生涯,而且组织也可以人员优化组合,从而提高组织绩效。本文以A型人格作为人格测量指标,选取“80后”大学生员工为研究对象,通过问卷调查深入探讨了A型人格与职业锚之间的关系,结果发现：A型人格与“80后”大学生员工自主型、创业型、技术型与挑战型的职业锚存在正相关,与挑战型和自主型职业锚有因果关系,其中时间紧迫感（CH）维度对挑战型职业锚有预测作用,竞争不耐烦（TH）维度对自主型职业锚有预测作用。具有A型人格的“80后”大学生员工非常适合创业和自主型的工作。B型较适合选择管理型与安全型的职业锚以发展自身的职业道路。本文对相关数据进行分析并提出建议和对策,帮助“80后”大学生员工设计符合自身个性的职业生涯规划。     

Planning is for doing: Implementation intentions go beyond the mere creation of goal-directed associations

Studies on implementation intentions so far have mainly pointed towards strengthened cue-behavior associations as the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this self-regulatory tool. However, we propose that because it triggers people to look into the future and to mentally simulate their future behavior, planning by means of implementation intentions might go beyond the creation of goal-directed associations and thus lead to more enduring effects on behavior. We tested this hypothesis in an experiment using a longitudinal design, where participants formed an intention for a behavior that deviates from their routine, and furnished it either with associative learning of cue and behavior, forming implementation intentions, or nothing at all. Results showed that initially, learning cue-behavior associations led to the same rate of goal completion as forming implementation intentions. However, only the effect of implementation intentions was maintained at the second measurement one week later. These findings suggest that planning does more than merely create goal-directed associations, which might offer a new perspective on the workings and use of this important tool for behavior change.     

国外青少年身体活动动机理论及其对体育教育的启示

青少年在身体活动领域参与程度的下降趋势已经成为全球性的问题.目前,国内外研究者们对身体活动行为背后的参与动机给予了广泛的研究.本文对国外青少年身体活动动机研究的理论进行了梳理,在此基础上总结青少年身体活动参与动机的特点,并针对我国的体育教育工作提出建议,为我国的体育教育工作提供参考.     

总结经验 推进新一轮卫生改革

着眼于实现为人人提供保健服务目标的医疗改革,要求卫生服务与医药购销制度的改革必须适应广覆盖、低成本的医疗保险制度;确保公共卫生、社区卫生与合作医疗在整个保健服务体系中的主体地位,在基本卫生保健服务机构与大医院之间建立合作、互补、互制的关系;坚定地对大医院实行调整和管理;构建医药分开的管理与流通体制;政府主导作用到位,投入方向合理,以顺利推进新一轮医疗改革。     

特质目标定向与变革型领导

对72家企业的203名管理人员的特质目标定向与变革型领导的关系进行了研究,结果表明,我国企业管理人员的特质目标定向对下属知觉变革型领导具有极其显著的预测力,而三种特质目标定向中,具有学习目标定向可以有效地预测下属将管理者知觉为变革型领导,回避目标定向和证实目标定向则对下属知觉变革型领导无预测力。     

The trichotomous achievement goal model and intrinsic motivation: a sequential mediational analysis

This experiment was designed to extend the research by Elliot and Harackiewicz (1996) on the trichotomous achievement goal model in several important ways and to more thoroughly document the processes through which the goals in the trichotomous model influence intrinsic motivation. Results indicated that performance-avoidance goals undermined intrinsic motivation relative to performance-approach and mastery goals; the latter goals evidenced the same intrinsic motivation. These results were obtained using highly evaluative performance goal manipulations, with early adolescent participants, and for a motor task relevant to physical ability. Sequential mediational analyses revealed that competence valuation, state anxiety, and task absorption processes accounted for the observed effects. Perceived competence served neither mediating nor moderating roles.