Against Global Egalitarianism

This article attacks the view that global justice should be understood in terms of a global principle of equality. The principle mainly discussed is global equality of opportunity – the idea that people of similar talent and motivation should have equivalent opportunity sets no matter to which society they belong. I argue first that in a culturally plural world we have no neutral way of measuring opportunity sets. I then suggest that the most commonly offered defences of global egalitarianism – the cosmopolitan claim that human lives have equal value, the argument that a persons nationality is a morally arbitrary characteristic, and the more empirical claim that relationships among fellow-nationals are no longer special in a way that matters for justice – are all defective. If we fall back on the idea of equality as a default principle, then we have to recognize that pursuing global equality of opportunity systematically would leave no space for national self-determination. Finally, I ask whether global inequality might be objectionable for reasons independent of justice, and argue that the main reason for concern is the inequalities of power that are likely to emerge in a radically unequal world.I am very grateful to Gillian Brock and Kok-Chor Tan for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article.     

The Orthogenetic Principle in the Perception of “Forests” and “Trees”?

This study explores possible links between ontogenetic and microgenetic change (Werner, 1948, 1957) in the perception of stimuli with multiple levels of structure. Visual search for targets defined by local versus global structure was examined in observers aged 6, 8, 10, and 22 years. Perceptual access to each level of structure was varied by using pattern elements of same (easy) or opposite contrast polarity (hard); attentional processes were isolated from sensory processes by varying the number of display items. The results showed large improvements with age in search rates for global targets, with search rates for local targets being more constant over age. This pattern held regardless of whether perceptual access to a target was easy or hard. These results support the view that the perception of local and global structure involves different underlying processes.     

自尊对自我确认倾向的影响：来自认知判断的证据

通过改编后的“整体自尊问卷”和“交谈自尊问卷”筛选出整体自尊和交谈自尊高低不同的四组被试,采用认知判断指标测量被试的自我确认倾向,通过模拟现实人际互动情境,在评价人对被试的交谈表现提供不同评价(肯定或否定)及表达不同交友态度(接受或排斥)的条件下,考察了整体自尊与特殊自尊对人际互动过程中自我确认倾向的影响。研究结果表明,与一致性需求的满足有关的特殊自尊调节着自我确认倾向,而与社交需求的满足有关的整体自尊对自我确认倾向的影响在整体上不具普遍性。     

The Section of Psychology: Psychology in an Academic Health Sciences Center's Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry

This paper describes the organization of the Section of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown. The organization of psychology is described in terms of the 10 organizational variables for psychology outlined by the Working Group on Governance and Administration from the 1995 Association of Medical School Psychologists, Georgetown Conference. Several aspects of the Department are highlighted that may account for the success of psychology section model including collegial relationship between the disciplines of psychology and psychiatry. The paper describes in detail how the section works, key successes, major obstacles encountered, and future challenges.     

医疗机构药品购销职务犯罪情况研究——以中国裁判文书网82份判决书为样本

为进一步认识我国医疗机构从业人员药品购销领域职务犯罪现状,采用案例分析法分析中国裁判文书网相关文书。研究发现,当前案件发生率较高、形势依旧复杂严峻,涉案金额高,社会危害性大,涉案主体相对集中,犯罪行为普遍具有较强的持续性和重复性,判决罪名以受贿罪为主,管理混乱与制度落实不到位是滋生犯罪的土壤。建议探索医药产品定价采购的科学机制,完善制度体系,建立管控机制,提高医疗机构从业人员薪资待遇,加强并创新廉洁教育,运用科技监督手段。     

论制度、体制、机制对医院文化的影响

现代医疗发展过程中,相关制度、体制和机制的缺失,已经成为制约医院文化和医学人文精神发展的重要因素,也是医院管理者必须面对的现实课题。介绍了医院文化的三个层面,阐述了医院运营中处理好经济利益与社会责任之间关系的重要性,认为建立相对公平的社会秩序和科学合理的文化建设战略对医院文化建设意义重大。以徐州仁慈医院为例,介绍了其在文化建设和制度引导方面的理念和做法,最后指出只有完善制度,创新机制和体制,才是医院文化发展的有效路径。     

Religious support and psychosocial well-being among a religious Jewish population

The three subscales of the Religious Support Scale assess perceived support from a person’s religious community, religious leaders, and God. This three-factor structure was replicated in the current study with a sample of 277 religious Jewish persons residing in Israel. Hierarchical canonical analysis showed that, even after controlling for general social support, Religious Leader and God Support were related to lower emotional distress, Religious Leader and Religious Community Support contributed to a higher level of life satisfaction, and Religious Community and God Support contributed to the prediction of perceived health. Findings are discussed in terms of religious support’s generalizability as a psychosocial resource for persons of various faiths.